Structural Brain Volumes of Individuals at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis: A Meta-analysis

Vissink, Conrad E.; Rossum, Inge Winter van; Cannon, Tyrone D.; Fusar‐Poli, Paolo; Kahn, René S.; Bossong, Matthijs G.

doi:10.1016/j.bpsgos.2021.09.002

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Furthermore, no significant effects of the transition to psychosis were identified. These results are consistent with a recent meta-analysis that applied the VR across a smaller subset of volumetric regions and similarly identified no significant regions of increased variability in CHR-P [ 33 ]. Equally, a previous study that compared CHR-P ( n = 71) and HC ( n = 55), indexed with the CV metric, found no evidence of regional increases in variability in CHR-P [ 37 ], demonstrating the robustness of these findings.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…It is possible that adopting a global approach offers a more powerful examination of heterogeneity compared to a region-by-region approach. Nevertheless, these current findings corroborate existing literature which reported significant differences in variability of neuroanatomical profiles with the application of PBSI scores [ 37 ], and a lack thereof with a regional group-level VR [ 33 ] or CV [ 37 ] approach. However, the current findings also necessitate further validation and critical appraisal of the various indices of heterogeneity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Further, those demonstrating the most marked deviation also demonstrated generally lower IQ and poorer psychopathology [ 37 ]. These findings are in contrast with the former meta-analytic findings [ 33 ]. However, these incongruities may be explained by the discrepant indices applied, the narrow focus of the brain regions studied meta-analytically [ 33 ] and/or the relatively small sample recruited for the PBSI investigations [ 37 ].…”

Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…These findings are in contrast with the former meta-analytic findings [ 33 ]. However, these incongruities may be explained by the discrepant indices applied, the narrow focus of the brain regions studied meta-analytically [ 33 ] and/or the relatively small sample recruited for the PBSI investigations [ 37 ]. Taken together, the existing literature offers an ambiguous picture of neuroanatomical heterogeneity in the CHR-P state; as such, further investigations are warranted.…”

Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…homogeneity) in the anterior cingulate cortex of patients with schizophrenia compared to HC [ 32 ]. Furthermore, a recent meta-analysis that investigated variability across a narrow subset of structural volumetric brain regions, indexed with the VR, reported no significant differences between individuals at CHR-P and HC, or between those who subsequently transitioned to psychosis and those who did not [ 33 ]. Taken together, these findings suggest that variability, as measured by VR, is not significantly different in CHR-P vs. HC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neuroanatomical heterogeneity and homogeneity in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis

Baldwin

Raduà²,

Antoniades³

et al. 2022

Transl Psychiatry

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Individuals at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis (CHR-P) demonstrate heterogeneity in clinical profiles and outcome features. However, the extent of neuroanatomical heterogeneity in the CHR-P state is largely undetermined. We aimed to quantify the neuroanatomical heterogeneity in structural magnetic resonance imaging measures of cortical surface area (SA), cortical thickness (CT), subcortical volume (SV), and intracranial volume (ICV) in CHR-P individuals compared with healthy controls (HC), and in relation to subsequent transition to a first episode of psychosis. The ENIGMA CHR-P consortium applied a harmonised analysis to neuroimaging data across 29 international sites, including 1579 CHR-P individuals and 1243 HC, offering the largest pooled CHR-P neuroimaging dataset to date. Regional heterogeneity was indexed with the Variability Ratio (VR) and Coefficient of Variation (CV) ratio applied at the group level. Personalised estimates of heterogeneity of SA, CT and SV brain profiles were indexed with the novel Person-Based Similarity Index (PBSI), with two complementary applications. First, to assess the extent of within-diagnosis similarity or divergence of neuroanatomical profiles between individuals. Second, using a normative modelling approach, to assess the ‘normativeness’ of neuroanatomical profiles in individuals at CHR-P. CHR-P individuals demonstrated no greater regional heterogeneity after applying FDR corrections. However, PBSI scores indicated significantly greater neuroanatomical divergence in global SA, CT and SV profiles in CHR-P individuals compared with HC. Normative PBSI analysis identified 11 CHR-P individuals (0.70%) with marked deviation (>1.5 SD) in SA, 118 (7.47%) in CT and 161 (10.20%) in SV. Psychosis transition was not significantly associated with any measure of heterogeneity. Overall, our examination of neuroanatomical heterogeneity within the CHR-P state indicated greater divergence in neuroanatomical profiles at an individual level, irrespective of psychosis conversion. Further large-scale investigations are required of those who demonstrate marked deviation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%