“…In the catalysis science, structures of surface Mo species have been extensively investigated for various oxides such as MgO, Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , and TiO 2 over the past decades (e.g., Mensch et al, 1988;Bare et al, 1993;Aritani et al, 1996Aritani et al, , 2001Takenaka et al, 1998;Radhakrishnan et al, 2001;Lede et al, 2002). Parts of the previous reports are summarized with our present findings in Table 4 (Kim et al, 1992;Shimada et al, 1992;Hu et al, 1995).…”