Structural changes in retina (Retinal nerve fiber layer) following mild traumatic brain injury and its association with development of visual field defects

Das, Narendra Kumar; Das, Matuli

doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.107080

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…A significant issue concerning IPV, sports-related impacts, or even falls are isolated or repetitive mild Traumatic Brain Injuries (mTBI) which, until recently, were often overlooked by health specialists and were rarely associated with hospitalization of the patient [11]. More recently, mTBI effects and long-term sequelae are being extensively studied, such as noise sensitivity [12], insomnia [13], cognitive impairment [14], visual field defects [15], changes in White Matter (WM) Fractional Anisotropy (FA) [16], among many others. However, most of these studies regarding mTBI lack sex-specific data, even though distinct effects on women and men are often reported in the literature [17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanics of Traumatic Head and Neck Injuries on Women: A State-of-the-Art Review and Future Directions

Carmo

Grigioni²,

Fernandes³

et al. 2023

Biology

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The biomechanics of traumatic injuries of the human body as a consequence of road crashes, falling, contact sports, and military environments have been studied for decades. In particular, traumatic brain injury (TBI), the so-called “silent epidemic”, is the traumatic insult responsible for the greatest percentage of death and disability, justifying the relevance of this research topic. Despite its great importance, only recently have research groups started to seriously consider the sex differences regarding the morphology and physiology of women, which differs from men and may result in a specific outcome for a given traumatic event. This work aims to provide a summary of the contributions given in this field so far, from clinical reports to numerical models, covering not only the direct injuries from inertial loading scenarios but also the role sex plays in the conditions that precede an accident, and post-traumatic events, with an emphasis on neuroendocrine dysfunctions and chronic traumatic encephalopathy. A review on finite element head models and finite element neck models for the study of specific traumatic events is also performed, discussing whether sex was a factor in validating them. Based on the information collected, improvement perspectives and future directions are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanics of Traumatic Head and Neck Injuries on Women: A State-of-the-Art Review and Future Directions

Carmo

Grigioni²,

Fernandes³

et al. 2023

Biology

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show abstract

“…The visual pathways are vulnerable to TBI, especially the long axons between the eye and lateral geniculate body, which may be damaged as part of diffuse axonal injury [4,19]. TBI indicators are therefore commonly found in the retina, with 11-54% of TBI patients suffering visual field defects, and ganglion cell layer (GCL) thinning in 31-47%, which may or may not be associated with visual symptoms and is considered to be subclinical TON [20][21][22][23][24]. These changes, including visual field defects and classical TON, occur across the range of TBI severity from mild to severe, although are more common with increasing TBI severity [Laws and Blanch-unpublished data].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Traumatic optic neuropathy management: a systematic review

Blanch,

Joseph,

Cockerham

2024

Eye

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Background Traumatic optic neuropathy is classically described in up to 8% of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), but subclinical or undiagnosed optic nerve damage is much more common. When more sensitive testing is performed, at least half of patients with moderate to severe TBI demonstrate visual field defects or optic atrophy on examination with optical coherence tomography. Acute optic nerve compression and ischaemia in orbital compartment syndrome require urgent surgical and medical intervention to lower the intraocular pressure and diminish the risk of permanent optic nerve dysfunction. Other manifestations of traumatic optic neuropathy have more variable treatments in international practice. Methods We conducted a systematic review of traumatic optic neuropathy treatments in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement. Results We included three randomised controlled trials of intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP), erythropoietin, and levodopa-carbidopa combination, with no evidence of benefit for any treatment. In addition, large studies in TBI have found strong evidence of increased mortality in patients treated with megadose IVMP. Conclusions There is therefore no evidence of benefit for any medical treatment and strong evidence of harm from IVMP. There is also no evidence of benefit for optic canal decompression for traumatic optic neuropathy. Orbital compartment syndrome is a separate entity that requires both medical and surgical interventions to prevent visual loss.

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Football-related concussions and head impacts are associated with changes in retinal structure and signaling

Silverstein,

Atlas,

Young

et al. 2024

Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry

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Structural changes in retina (Retinal nerve fiber layer) following mild traumatic brain injury and its association with development of visual field defects

Cited by 8 publications

References 26 publications

Biomechanics of Traumatic Head and Neck Injuries on Women: A State-of-the-Art Review and Future Directions

Biomechanics of Traumatic Head and Neck Injuries on Women: A State-of-the-Art Review and Future Directions

Traumatic optic neuropathy management: a systematic review

Football-related concussions and head impacts are associated with changes in retinal structure and signaling

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