Structural Changes in the Brain on Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Malnourished Children: A Scoping Review of the Literature

Ayaz, Ahmed; Nisar, Imran; Muhammad, Ameer; Ahmed, Kheezran; Chand, Prem; Jehan, Fyezah

doi:10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2023.08.020

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…According to a recent scoping analysis by Ayaz, volume loss as evidenced by cerebral atrophy and dilated ventricles is the most frequent finding in malnourished children [18]. This can represent overall suboptimal brain development in the background of poor nutrition, especially in the first 1000 days.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are very few studies evaluating neuroimaging findings in children with stunting, especially in a birth cohort follow-up setting, highlighting this as a research gap [10, 11]. According to a recent scoping analysis by Ayaz, volume loss as evidenced by cerebral atrophy and dilated ventricles is the most frequent finding in malnourished children [18]. This can represent overall suboptimal brain development in the background of poor nutrition, especially in the first 1000 days.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Childhood brain morphometry in children with persistent stunting and catch-up growth

Koshy,

Thilagarajan,

Berkins

et al. 2024

Preprint

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BackgroundEarly childhood stunting affects around 150 million young children worldwide and leads to suboptimal human potential in later life. However, there is limited data on the effects of early childhood stunting and catch-up growth on brain morphometry.MethodsWe evaluated childhood brain volumes at nine years of age in a community-based birth-cohort follow-up study in Vellore, south India among four groups based on anthropometric assessments at two, five, and nine years namely ‘Never Stunted’ (NS), ‘Stunted at two years and caught up by five years’ (S2N5), ‘Stunted at two and five years and caught up by nine years’ (S2N9), and ‘Always Stunted’ (AS). T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images were acquired using a 3T MRI scanner, and brain volumes were quantified using FreeSurfer software.FindingsAmongst 251 children from the overall cohort, 178 children with a mean age of 9.54 were considered for further analysis. The total brain volume, subcortical volume, bilateral cerebellar white matter, and posterior corpus callosum showed a declining trend from NS to AS. Regional cortical brain analysis showed significant lower bilateral lateral occipital volumes, right pallidum, bilateral caudate, and right thalamus volumes between NS and AS.InterpretationTo the best of our knowledge, this first neuroimaging analysis to investigate the effects of persistent childhood stunting and catch-up growth on brain volumetry indicates impairment at different brain levels involving total brain and subcortical volumes, networking/connecting centres (thalamus, basal ganglia, callosum, cerebellum) and visual processing area of lateral occipital cortex.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%