Structural changes in the grafted copolymer polyethylene-styrene

Šmit, Ivan; Bezjak, A.

doi:10.1016/0032-3861(81)90346-3

Cited by 27 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…On the other hand, since pre-irradiated membranes can be stored without losing their properties and hence can be used at any time for synthesis via radical graft polymerization, the pre-irradiation technique would seem to be more appropriate. With respect to this, PE [180,181], PTFE [182], and PVDF [183] are often chosen as backbone materials. At the interfaces of the crystalline and amorphous phases of solid films that have long-lived free radicals in the crystalline phases, these radicals can meet monomers inside the amorphous phases to initiate radical graft polymerization.…”

Section: Radiation Grafting Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of radiation-grafted polymer electrolyte membranes for alkaline polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

Zhou

Shao

Chen

et al. 2015

Journal of Power Sources

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Section: Radiation Grafting Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of radiation-grafted polymer electrolyte membranes for alkaline polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

Zhou

Shao

Chen

et al. 2015

Journal of Power Sources

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“…As step (2), the c-PTFE film, which was sealed in a vacuum quartz vessel ( Figure 2), was irradiated at room temperature. γ-ray irradiation of 15 Step 1Step (2) Step ( Note that polymerization temperature of 60 • C is between melting (T m ) and glass transition (T g ) temperatures of PTFE (T m = 340 and T g = −73 • C, resp.) .…”

Section: Preirradiation Polymerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using a free radical as an active site, graft polymer chains can be introduced on backbone chains composed of a film specimen. It is commercially and industrially available to functionalize a hydrocarbon polymer [2,3] or particularly to modify a fluoropolymer [4][5][6] or engineering plastics [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PTFE usually forms crystalline structure, which further reinforces chemical resistance. However, when a PTFE film is irradiated by ionizing radiation (step (2) in Figure 1(a)) and immersed in styrene (St) monomers, the film starts to be swollen by St monomers and graft polymerization occurs homogeneously throughout a whole film. This radical polymerization continues to be living for hours, days, or sometimes months.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preirradiation Graft Polymerization of Styrene in a Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) Film Investigated by Time-Resolved Small-Angle Neutron Scattering

Iwase¹,

Sawada²,

Yamaki³

et al. 2011

International Journal of Polymer Science

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Preirradiation graft polymerization of styrene in a poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) film was examined by time-resolved small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). A crosslinked PTFE film, thickness of which is about 50 μm, was irradiated byγ-ray and immersed in a mixed solvent of styrene monomer and toluene. SANS elucidated that graft polymerization proceeds by two reaction processes (I) and (II). In process (I) at min, graft polymerization occurs at an interface between crystalline and amorphous PTFE domains and the grafted polystyrene segregates from PTFE, forming a thin layer with a sharp interface. In process (II) at min, grafted PS layer starts to bridge between crystalline domains. At the end of process (II), 40% of total crystalline PTFE domain is covered by the grafted PS chains.

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“…[1][2][3][4][5] Therefore, this radiation technique has been widely employed for a variety of applications, such as in preparing battery separators, absorber resins and were measured by GPC at 30 ° C, using a 7.5 mm internal diameter (ID) × 300 mm Shodex Asahipak GF-7M HQ column and with 50 × 10 − 3 M LiCl aq/acetonitrile (HPLC grade) (60:40) as the eluent at a fl ow rate of 0.4 mL min − 1 , and were calculated from the calibration curve ( r 2 = 0.999) for standardized poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (Polysciences Inc.); typically M w ≈ 787 000, 65 400, 33 500, 6430 and 4600 g mol − 1 ). The UV-vis absorption spectra were obtained using a Hitachi U-2910 spectrophoto meter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Characterization Method for Graft‐Polymer Structures Chemically Attached on Thermally Stable Polymer Films

Enomoto

Takahashi

Maekawa

2011

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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Most polymer grafts in grafted polymer fi lms obtained by radiation-induced solid graft polymerization are not analyzed in detail due to diffi culties in isolation of the grafts without structural decomposition. Herein, a novel structural and molecular weight characterization method is reported for polymer grafts that are chemically attached to thermally and chemically stable polymer substrates, based on a swelling-induced graft detachment in hot water. Polymer grafts prepared by the radiation-induced polymerization of alkyl acrylate into poly(ethylene-co -tetrafl uoroethylene) (ETFE) followed by a sulfonation reaction are found to have a ternary copolymer structure whose monomer units contain -COOH or -SO 3 H groups, or both. fuel-cell polymer-electrolyte membranes for mobile power, vehicles and domestic cogeneration systems. [ 2 , 3 , 6-16 ] The analysis of the chemical structures and molecular weights of the grafts in grafted fi lms prepared by radiationinduced graft polymerization and the subsequent solidstate chemical transformations is restricted to degradable or soluble polymer substrates, such as poly(ethylene oxide), poly(butylene oxide) and natural polymers. [17][18][19] However, grafts introduced into practical polymer substrates are generally thermally and chemically stable, and, thus, cannot be isolated from the substrates for detailed analysis. Recently, we found that the poly(styrenesulfonic acid) (PSSA) grafts in fl uorinated polymer substrates can be successfully isolated in water at 85 ° C by the swellinginduced detachment of the hydrophilic grafts from the hydrophobic polymer substrates without decomposition of the side chains and main chains (thus maintaining the molecular weights). These results were confi rmed by performing UV-vis and NMR spectroscopy. [ 20 ] We have reported previously that graft-type polymerelectrolyte membranes (PEMs) consisting of alkylsulfonic acids were synthesized by the radiation-induced graft polymerization of methyl acrylate (MA) into a poly(ethylene-co -tetrafl uoroethylene) (ETFE) fi lm,

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Structural changes in the grafted copolymer polyethylene-styrene

Cited by 27 publications

References 9 publications

A review of radiation-grafted polymer electrolyte membranes for alkaline polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

A review of radiation-grafted polymer electrolyte membranes for alkaline polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

Preirradiation Graft Polymerization of Styrene in a Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) Film Investigated by Time-Resolved Small-Angle Neutron Scattering

A Novel Characterization Method for Graft‐Polymer Structures Chemically Attached on Thermally Stable Polymer Films

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