Structural characteristics, cation distribution, and elastic properties of Cr³⁺ substituted stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric cobalt ferrites

Abstract

Structural, elastic and cation distribution properties have been investigated on stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric cobalt ferrites.

Magnetic properties, magnetocaloric effect, and critical behaviors in Co1−xCrxFe2O4

“…To know the agreeable domain nature, determination of critical size by using the following expression is most important: 43 where, M SP is spontaneous magnetization. For all samples D m ( Table 1 ) shows a lower value than the calculated D values from XRD, 25 which follows the particle spherical model. The D m < D for all samples reveals that the nanocrystallites have an incipient structure of magnetic domains.…”

“…The details of crystal structure, with cation distribution, have been explored, and results are already published in ref. 25 .…”

“…Then it shows the decreasing value which may be due to the excess ions showing negative values of the vacancy parameter as explained in the literature. 25 The domain wall energy ( σ w ) can be calculated using the following expression: 42 where k B is Boltzmann constant, T C is Curie temperature and a is the lattice constant. The calculated domain wall energy for all samples has been tabulated in Table 1 .…”

“…The results of phase formation have been reported elsewhere. 25 After confirming the formation of spinel-type ferrites, these compositions are subjected to further investigation of their magnetic properties. The FC and ZFC magnetization were performed for the measurement of the phase transition temperature.…”

“…11,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24] The tunability of structural parameters due to Cr 3+ substitution in stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric COF is reported in our earlier literature. 25 It was observed that there are structural defects due to Cr 3+ substitution. In recent years, a large number of articles have been found on the study of magnetic eld (H) and temperature (T) dependent magnetization (M) of various ferrites.…”