Structural Characteristics of Membranes and Kinetic Dependences of Electronanofiltration Waste Water Treatment of Latinating Process

Abstract

The basic structural characteristics of the membrane and kinetic dependences of the electron-filtration separation of wastewater of the brassing process are investigated. The retention factor and the specific output flow for the near-anode and near-cathode membrane were calculated. The dependences of the retention factor and the specific output flow on the transmembrane pressure and current density are analyzed, and it is noted that the anode membrane as a result of the application of a constant electric potential to the membrane-solution system starts to clog and a sludge layer forms on its surface due to the electrochemical process. A comparison is made of the retention capacity of OPMN-P and OPMN-K membranes for a real spent technological solution after the process of brazing and a model solution containing the same concentrations of copper ions (Cu2+) and zinc (Zn2+) as in real runoff. The structural characteristics of nanofiltration membranes of the type OFAM-K and OPMN-P were studied and analyzed. Changes in the crystalline and amorphous phases of the active layer and the membrane substrate are considered. The change in crystalline parameters in crystallites can be explained only by the structural features of macromolecules of polyamide and their orientation during crystallization. Under the action of transmembrane pressure and transport of water molecules, the polymorphism of the packing of the crystal lattice occurs. The packing density of the amorphous phases of the working membrane decreases, which affects the transport and selective properties of the membrane. In fact, the deformation of an amorphous-crystalline polymer leads to a restructuring of the structure not only in the orientation of the macromolecules of the amorphous, but also the crystalline phases of the membranes. It was also noted that the packing density of the amorphous phases of the working membrane decreases, which affects the transport and selective properties of the membrane.