Structural characteristics of the mixed spruce - fir - beech forests on Mountain Bjelasica in Montenegro

Čurović, Milić; Stijović, Aleksandar; Spalević, Velibor; Dudić, Branislav; Pajic, Milos

doi:10.15835/nbha48311992

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The effectiveness of watershed management activities has not yet been scientifically or precisely assessed. However, teams of Montenegrin, Serbian and Iranian experts, according to available literature (Spalević et al, 2020;Mohammadi et al, 2021;Čurović et al, 2020) propose the following approaches to soil erosion control and mitigation in these three countries:…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NITIAL RESULTS OF COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF SOIL EROSION INTENSITY USING THE WIntErO MODEL: A CASE STUDY OF POLIMLJE AND SHIRINDAREH DRAINAGE BASINS

VUJAČIĆ,

MILEVSKI,

MIJANOVIĆ

et al. 2023

Carpathian J. Earth Environ. Sci.

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This work aims to determine the current state of sediment production and propose land use measures that will affect the reducing the intensity of soil erosion for the areas of the Polimlje drainage basin on the territories of Montenegro and Serbia, and the small Shirindareh sub-basin of Iran. The approach is based on field and laboratory methods, which are processed by Web-based Intensity of Erosion and Outflow (WIntErO)model used to calculate erosion intensity. By using the computer-graphical method of the "WIntErO" software, in the study of erosion intensity, surface values (watershed surface, surface between isohypsies, etc.) and length, i.e. deviations from the map (length of the main watercourse, length of the watershed line, etc.) is processed very precisely, which was not the case before when using mechanical instruments, planimeters and curvimeters. The new WIntErO model is an integrated computer-graphic program package of the third-generation method based on the earlier generations of the modelling tools "River basins", and IntErO and calculates the amount of sediment, the intensity of soil erosion, as well as the maximum runoff from the basin, according to the EPM model of Gavrilović.During the procedure, an accuracy assessment is conducted with measurements of reservoir sediment deposition. These measurements were performed in April 2017 using professional hydrographic recording equipment, following the same methodology as in 2012. The measurement of point locations was conducted using a GPS receiver and a Trimble R6 base station. The reservoir's depth was measured using a single-frequency portable echo sounder, specifically the Odom Hydro Track. The initial assessment shows fairly acceptable results of the implemented WIntErO modelling for both study areas. Z coefficient values ranging from 0.01 to 1.00 for the observed period indicate that the river basins delineate areas with varying levels of susceptibility to water erosion processes—ranging from very low to moderate and high risk—within the studied drainage basins. Based on the analysis, we found that the average erosion intensity in Polimlje is 331.78 m³ km⁻² year⁻¹ per square kilometer. For the Shirindareh sub-basins, the average actual soil losses per square kilometer are 201 m³ year⁻¹ km⁻². Given these findings, it is evident that these basins require prompt implementation of soil conservation measures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NITIAL RESULTS OF COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF SOIL EROSION INTENSITY USING THE WIntErO MODEL: A CASE STUDY OF POLIMLJE AND SHIRINDAREH DRAINAGE BASINS

VUJAČIĆ,

MILEVSKI,

MIJANOVIĆ

et al. 2023

Carpathian J. Earth Environ. Sci.

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“…They may also create favorable conditions for maintaining fir in the current composition of forests [3,8]. Mixed stands are also much more resistant to disturbances than monocultures [9][10][11][12][13][14]. Consequently, management practices are attempting to convert several even-aged spruce forests (e.g., in Germany) [11,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forest Dynamics after Five Decades of Management in the Romanian Carpathians

Tudoran

Cicșa

Boroeanu

et al. 2021

Forests

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Research Highlights: Management of the risks forests are exposed to is based on the dynamics of the composition and structure of the stands and the forest. Background and Objectives: This study aimed to document the dynamics of the composition and structure of stands and forest in the Romanian Carpathians over the last five decades, as well as estimate the forecast composition of the forest in the near future (i.e., 2070). Materials and Methods: The obtained results were based on long-term monitoring and analysis of the species and structures in the stands in long-term research areas (over five decades). We performed an inventory of all the trees (on 7.5 ha) in order to characterize the stand structure in sampling plots of 0.25–1.0 ha, located in representative stands of five forest formations. Bitterlich sampling was performed in order to determine the composition of each stand (on 2930.4 ha). The future composition was established in accordance with the characteristics of the natural forest types and was based on seedling dynamics and forest management plans. Results: In mixed beech–coniferous stands, over the last five decades, the area of beech has increased by 38%, while conifers have decreased proportionally—fir by 31% and spruce by 5%. The seedling area increased from 23% to 65%, with fir contributing 22% to the composition and beech 42%. Stand density decreased by an average of 14%, with the current increment decreasing by 3.8%. The slenderness index for fir decreased from 73 to 61. In the near future, there will be an increase in the proportion of fir, from 15 to 33%, and a reduction in beech, from 49 to 45%. The proportion of spruce will be reduced from 17 to 12%. Conclusions: Based on the forest dynamics, management adaptation strategies need to be developed to improve the stability of the forest ecosystems.

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“…Old-growth stands have developed for a long period of time without relevant human impact. Structural characteristics of old-growth forests represent a worthy model for management and structuring of managed forests (Motta et al, 2015;Vasic et al, 2018;Chivulescu et al, 2019;Curovic et al, 2020). Mixed coniferous and deciduous forests in the area of beech, fir and spruce forests in Bosnia and Herzegovina occupy 716.200 ha.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diameter Structure of the Stand and Time of Passage: An Analysis in Primeval Forests Janj and Lom in Republic of Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina)

Govedar¹,

Kanjevac²,

Velkovski³

2021

AgricultForest

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The research was carried out in primeval forest stands of beech, fir and spruce (Piceo-Abieti-Fagetum illyricum) on brown dolomite soils (Janj) and dominantly shallow limestone soils (Lom). The diameter structure is typical for primeval forests with the participation of large trees in which physiological weakening is visible, especially in the Lom primeval forest. At the same time, the stands are characterized by the specifics of the transition from the terminal to the initial development phase, with a very pronounced lower floor of the stands where beech and fir dominate. Significant differences in the size of the diameter increment are characteristics for fir, which in the Lom primeval forest has a significantly higher diameter increment at the same diameters than in Janj. The current diameter increment of fir in Janj is 2.3 mm/year and in Lom 4.5 mm/year. The average current thickness growth of spruce in Janj is 0.2 mm higher on average than in Lom and amounts to 2.9 mm/year. The current thickness growth of beech in Lom is significantly higher (4.9 mm/year) than in Janj (2.3 mm/year). The average time of passage is the highest for fir in the Janj primeval forest and for the whole stand is 45 years, and the lowest for spruce in the Lom primeval forest 22 years. Beech trees in the lowest diameter classes have a significantly shorter time of passage than fir and spruce. Fir in the Janj forest has an average relative age of 85 years higher than in Lom. Spruce shows the largest difference in relative age between primeval forests in thinner diameter classes, and unlike fir, the difference in age decreases with increasing diameter.

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Structural characteristics of the mixed spruce - fir - beech forests on Mountain Bjelasica in Montenegro

Cited by 4 publications

References 25 publications

NITIAL RESULTS OF COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF SOIL EROSION INTENSITY USING THE WIntErO MODEL: A CASE STUDY OF POLIMLJE AND SHIRINDAREH DRAINAGE BASINS

NITIAL RESULTS OF COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF SOIL EROSION INTENSITY USING THE WIntErO MODEL: A CASE STUDY OF POLIMLJE AND SHIRINDAREH DRAINAGE BASINS

Forest Dynamics after Five Decades of Management in the Romanian Carpathians

Diameter Structure of the Stand and Time of Passage: An Analysis in Primeval Forests Janj and Lom in Republic of Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina)

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