Structural characterization and antioxidant and immunomodulation activities of polysaccharides from the spent rice substrate of Cordyceps militaris

Zeng, Yan; Zhang, Ying; Zhang, Lijiao; Cui, Shi-mao; Sun, Yi

doi:10.1007/s10068-015-0205-x

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Almost all of the biological active components are extracted from the fermented solution or fruit bodies, while the spent substrate (SS) which was used to cultivate the CM fruit body is rarely used after the CM attained maturity (Sun et al, ; Yang, Wu, He, Zhou, & Yang, ). It was reported that when 1 kg of mushroom produced, more than 1 kg SS would be generated, and it requires 10 times of the amount of substrate materials than the fruit body produced (Israilides & Philippoussis, ; Zeng, Zhang, Zhang, Cui, & Sun, ). The poor utilization of these SS has made them a serious environmental problem and increased recovery cost of these materials for the industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of superfine grinding on the properties and qualities of Cordyceps militaris and its spent substrate

Shi

Zhang

Bhandari

et al. 2019

J Food Process Preserv

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The main purpose of this study is to study the effect of superfine grinding (SG) technology on the physicochemical properties of Cordyceps militaris (CM) and its spent substrate (SS). The results showed that the particle size of the sample powder decreased significantly under the SG treatment and reached below 15 μm finally. With the decrease in particle size, the surface tension of materials decreased and water‐holding capacity (WHC) of aqueous solution of CM and its SS powder decreased by 58.72% and 48.36%, while the water soluble index (WSI) increased to 0.73 and 0.44 g/g, respectively, also the hygroscopic property, L* value and DPPH radical scavenging capacity increased significantly. In addition, the cordycepin yield of two materials increased by 9.49% and 14.61% for 4 hr SG treatment, respectively. The results showed that the SG technology could effectively improve the physicochemical properties of CM powder and the extraction of its effective components, in addition, a new idea was opened up for the effective utilization of waste materials such as edible and medicinal fungi culture medium. Practical applicationsThis study investigated the effect of superfine grinding treatments on the physicochemical properties of the powder of Cordyceps militaris (CM) and its spent substrate (SS). The results shows the advances of superfine grinding on the particle size, surface tension, water hydration capacity, color, antioxidant capacity, and the yield of active component. And it could realize the maximum utilization of resources like medical plants and the reutilization of the waste during herb culturing, when treatments like superfine grinding was applied.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of superfine grinding on the properties and qualities of Cordyceps militaris and its spent substrate

Shi

Zhang

Bhandari

et al. 2019

J Food Process Preserv

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“…Previous studies remarked polysaccharides, i.e., D-glucose, D-galactose, and D-mannose, as noticeable antioxidant components of C. militaris extracts [ 51 , 52 ]. Additionally, polysaccharide fractions containing t-Gal p and 1,2-Man p have been reported for a potent FRAP value of 78.4 µmol Fe 2+ /g [ 53 ]. Similarly, cordycepin was not responsible for lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity of C. militaris extract (R 2 = 0.1914) since hydrophilicity of cordycepin was incompatible with the lipid peroxidation assay [ 36 , 54 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of Chemical Stability and Dermal Delivery of Cordyceps militaris Extracts by Nanoemulsion

et al. 2020

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This study aimed to develop nanoemulsions for enhancing chemical stability and dermal delivery of Cordyceps militaris extracts. C. militaris was extracted by maceration and infusion. The extracts were investigated for cordycepin, phenolic, and flavonoid content. The antioxidant activity was investigated by in vitro spectrophotometric methods. The irritation profile was investigated by hen’s egg-chorioallantoic membrane test. Nanoemulsions were developed using high-pressure homogenizer. C. militaris extract was incorporated into the nanoemulsion and investigated for safety, release profile, permeation, and skin retention. The results demonstrated that water extract (CW) contained the significantly highest content of cordycepin, phenolics, and flavonoids, which were responsible for antioxidant activity. CW was the most potent antioxidant. CW possessed comparable 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation inhibition to l-ascorbic acid (96.9 ± 3.1%) and alpha-tocopherol (87.2 ± 1.0%). Consequently, ten mg/mL of CW was incorporated into nanoemulsions composing of sugar squalene, Tween® 85, and deionized water. Nanoemulsion, which had the smallest internal droplet size (157.1 ± 2.6 nm), enhanced the stability of CW, had no cytotoxicity effect and no skin irritation, released the most CW (0.9 ± 0.0% w/w after 24 h), and delivered the highest CW into the skin layer (33.5 ± 0.7% w/w). Therefore, nanoemulsion was suggested for enhancing the stability and dermal delivery of CW.

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“… Mushroom species Chemical Production method Comment Reference Lentinula edodes Polysaccharide composed of anhydrorhamnose, anhydroglucose, and anhydromannose Water extraction (90°C, 1 h), alcohol precipitation, centrifugation, freeze-drying, Sevag deproteinization and gel-filtration chromatography Heteropolysaccharide with antibacterial activity [ 195 ] L. edodes Partially hydrolyzed polysaccharides Water extraction (85°C, 3 h), alcohol precipitation, centrifugation, hydrolysis with 1 M H 2 SO 4 , anion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and renoprotective effects [ 57 , 196 ] Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharides Water extraction, Sevag deproteinization and gel-filtration chromatography Antioxidant activity [ 197 ] Panus strigellus (syn. Pleurotus tubarius ), Pycnoporus sanguineus β-Glucans, steroids, saturated triterpenes Extraction with deionized water at 100°C The extracts were concentrated by lyophilization before analyses [ 198 ] Pleurotus eryngii Polysaccharide-protein complex containing 99% carbohydrate and 1% protein Extraction with 0.5 M NaOH (90°C, 300 min), ethanol precipitation, dialysis, Sevag deproteinization, dialysis, and gel-filtration chromatography Strong antioxidant activity [ 199 ] Cordyceps militaris Polysaccharides Partial enzymatic hydrolysis (45°C, pH 4.0, 2 h), gradient ethanol precipitation, Sevag deproteinization Antioxidant activity with no cytotoxicity [ 200 ] ...…”

Section: Spent Mushroom Substrate As Source Of Enzymes and Bioactive ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Partial enzymatic hydrolysis can also be used to extract polysaccharides from SMS. Hydrolysis with cellulases for two hours was used for recovering polysaccharides from the SMS of C. militaris [ 200 ]. Four polysaccharide fractions were isolated, and three displayed good antioxidant activity with no cytotoxicity.…”

Section: Spent Mushroom Substrate As Source Of Enzymes and Bioactive ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Spent substrate from mushroom cultivation: exploitation potential toward various applications and value-added products

Martín,

Zervakis,

Xiong

et al. 2023

Bioengineered

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Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) is the residual biomass generated after harvesting the fruitbodies of edible/medicinal fungi. Disposal of SMS, the main by-product of the mushroom cultivation process, often leads to serious environmental problems and is financially demanding. Efficient recycling and valorization of SMS are crucial for the sustainable development of the mushroom industry in the frame of the circular economy principles. The physical properties and chemical composition of SMS are a solid fundament for developing several applications, and recent literature shows an increasing research interest in exploiting that inherent potential. This review provides a thorough outlook on SMS exploitation possibilities and discusses critically recent findings related to specific applications in plant and mushroom cultivation, animal husbandry, and recovery of enzymes and bioactive compounds.

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Structural characterization and antioxidant and immunomodulation activities of polysaccharides from the spent rice substrate of Cordyceps militaris

Cited by 16 publications

References 30 publications

Effects of superfine grinding on the properties and qualities of Cordyceps militaris and its spent substrate

Effects of superfine grinding on the properties and qualities of Cordyceps militaris and its spent substrate

Enhancement of Chemical Stability and Dermal Delivery of Cordyceps militaris Extracts by Nanoemulsion

Spent substrate from mushroom cultivation: exploitation potential toward various applications and value-added products

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