Structural Characterization of Case-Associated Contaminants Peak C and Ff in L-Tryptophan Implicated in Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome

Naylor, Stephen; Williamson, B.; Johnson, Kenneth L.; Gleich, Gerald J.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-4709-9_57

Cited by 11 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The MS methodology enables the more selective detection of impurities than UV and fluorescent detection, and the LC/MS/MS methodology was successfully applied for the simultaneous detection of several impurities in commercial products [ 31 ]. In terms of amino acids, applications of LC/MS/MS have mainly been reported for the determination of the cause(s) of eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome in users of the adulterated tryptophan product in the 1990s [ 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 ]. As a result of analytical work in the 1990s, the possible triggers of the eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome were narrowed down to two impurities: 1,1’-ethylidenebis-L-tryptophan (EBT) and 3-(phenylamino)alanine (PAA).…”

Section: Analytical Methods To Determine Impurities In Amino Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical Chemistry of Impurities in Amino Acids Used as Nutrients: Recommendations for Regulatory Risk Management

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Proteinogenic amino acids are natural nutrients ingested daily from standard foods. Commercially manufactured amino acids are added to a wide range of nutritional products, including dietary supplements and regular foods. Currently, the regulatory risk management of amino acids is conducted by means of setting daily maximum limits of intake. However, there have been no reported adverse effects of amino acid overdosing, while impurities in low-quality amino acids have been identified as causative agents in several health hazard events. This paper reviews the analytical chemistry of impurities in amino acids and highlights major variations in the purity of commercial products. Furthermore, it examines the international standards and global regulatory risk assessment of amino acids utilized in dietary supplements and foods, recommending (1) further research on analytical methods that can comprehensively separate impurities in amino acids, and (2) re-focusing on the regulatory risk management of amino acids to the analytical chemistry of impurities.

show abstract