Structural characterization of novel chitin-binding lectins from the genus Artocarpus and their antifungal activity

Serodiagnosis of human neurocysticercosis using antigenic components of Taenia solium metacestodes derived from the unbound fraction from jacalin affinity chromatography

“…Although saline extracts have been widely used for primary screening in endemic areas, the identification and purification of highly specific glycoproteins associated with T. solium metacestodes have been the main focus for the serodiagnosis of NCC (Ito 2002, Lee et al 2011. It is important to make clear that the other investigators used panels of lectins in order to identify NCC antigens and the jacalin was included in those panels (Trindade et al 2006, Zhang et al 2006. However, there is no previous study proposing the strategy to perform a jacalin affinity chromatography method and subsequent fractionating process by carry out a TX-114 partitioning from jacalin unbound fraction in the diagnosis of human NCC.…”

Affinity Chromatography of Lectins

“…These include chitin, a polymer of a N-acetylglucosamine (Bovi et al, 2011;Narahari & Swamy, 2010;Santi-Gadelha et al, 2006;Trindade et al, 2006), mannan, a mannose polymer (Argayosa et al, 2011;Kvennefors et al, 2008;Naeem et al, 2007a;Ourth et al, 2005), alginate, a copolymer of ǐ-mannuronate and Ǐ-L-guluronate (Roy et al, 2005), chitosan, a polysaccharide composed of glucosamine and N-acetylglucosamine (Chen & Xu, 2005), glucan laminarin (Chen et al, 1999) and exopolysaccharide extracted from Azospirillum brasiliense (Mora et al, 2008).…”

“…Further, naturally occurring cross-linked polysaccharides, which are inexpensive and simple to prepare with epichlorhydrin or divinyl sulphone, have also been extensively used as adsorbent matrices for isolating galactose-specific lectins (Lis & Sharon, 1981). These include guar gum or guaran (Sigma-Aldrich), a galactomannan polysaccharide that binds lectins with anomeric preference for Ǐ-galactose (Alencar et al, 2010;Santos et al, 2009;Souza et al, 2011;Sultan et al, 2009), a polysaccharide isolated from Spondias purpurea (Teixeira et al, 2007), a crosslinked seed gum matrix prepared from plant Leucaena leucocephala (Seshagirirao et al, 2005), a galactomannan from Adenanthera pavonina (Moreira et al, 1998;Teixeira-Sá et al, 2009;Trindade et al, 2006), and a cross-linked galactoxyloglucan from Mucuna sloanei (Teixeira-Sá et al, 2009). Moreover, adsorbent matrices from yeast glucan or curdlan, a polymer of glucose, were prepared to isolate glucose-specific lectins (Mikes & Man, 2003).…”

“…Moreover, different lectins can sometimes be co-isolated from the extract, especially when the ligand is immobilized to polysaccharide matrices, which also bind lectins. In that case, serial carbohydrate affinity chromatography can be applied using two or more adsorbents in series (Chen et al, 1999;Kato et al, 2011;Lavanya Latha et al, 2006;Moreira et al, 1998;Ooi et al, 2002;Pohleven et al, 2011;Trindade et al, 2006). For example, the extract is applied to the affinity column that binds, besides the lectin of interest, non-desired lectins.…”

“…The non-bound lectin of interest is washed off the column and thus purified. Several authors have purified lectins from a variety of sources using serial carbohydrate affinity chromatography (Chen et al, 1999;Kato et al, 2011;Lavanya Latha et al, 2006;Moreira et al, 1998;Ooi et al, 2002;Pohleven et al, 2011;Trindade et al, 2006) or Ultrogel-A4 agarose beads to remove non-specific agarose-binding proteins from the extract prior to subjecting it to carbohydrate affinity chromatography (Kvennefors et al, 2008). In contrast, nonpolysaccharide matrices, such as silica carriers (Synsorb) (Kaur et al, 2006;Mo et al, 2000;Naeem et al, 2007b;Shangary et al, 1995), poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) matrix of Spheron 300 (Nahálková et al, 2001), fractogel affinity matrix (Guzmán-Partida et al, 2004) or polyacrylamide beads (Dresch et al, 2008;Hořejší & Kocourek, 1978;Veau et al, 1999), can be used to avoid non-specific binding of lectins to the polysaccharide matrix.…”