Structural characterization of solid foams

Maire, Éric; Adrien, Jérôme; Petit, Clémence

doi:10.1016/j.crhy.2014.09.001

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…SEM was a suitable method to analyse foam structures in more detail. Maire et al [19] remark, "The complex 3D architecture of solid foams requires observation techniques permitting a high depth of field. Amongst the standard available techniques, only SEM shows enough depth of focus to apprehend the structure of these materials".…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selected Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Open-Cell Metal Foams

Depczyński¹

2019

SV-JME

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The microstructure and mechanical properties of open-cell metal foams have long been studied from various angles. The materials discussed in this paper were fabricated using an unconventional sintering method and their properties are unique. An important part of the process is reduction of Fe(III) oxide, acting as a foaming agent and a space holder. Four powder mixtures were analysed: ASC100.29, ASC100.29 + C, DISTALOY SE and DISTALOY SE + C. The aim of the tests, performed with a specially developed setup, was to determine the impact energy absorption capacity of the Fe-based foams. From the results, it is clear that the metal foams can be used in many applications, including lightweight structures, filters, heat exchangers and energy-absorbing systems. Keywords: open-cell metal foams, Fe-based foams, reduction of metal oxides, space holder technique, energy dissipation Highlights • The Fe-based metal foams were produced through sintering, which is an efficient and cost-effective process. • The reduction of Fe (III) oxide by hydrogen and the addition of Cu were responsible for a uniform structure and open porosity. The average pore diameter did not exceed 100 µm; the porosity ranged from 67.9 % to 80.3 %, depending on the powder mixture composition. • The motion of the hammer striking the material was monitored using a time-lapse camera. • The Fe-based foams seem suitable for lightweight structures, energy-dissipating and energy-absorbing systems, filters, catalytic converters, and heat exchangers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selected Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Open-Cell Metal Foams

Depczyński¹

2019

SV-JME

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“…At this magnification, blurring effects were negligible and the effective pixel size was 2.5 μ m. The pixel size is considerably larger than the features of the solid matrix of polymeric foams leading to under-resolved areas in the tomography. Hence, these tomographies were acquired under sub-pixel conditions and conventional methods cannot be applied to characterize the solid phase morphology of foams (Petit et al, 2013; Maire et al, 2014).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sub-pixel Tomographic Methods for Characterizing the Solid Architecture of Foams

et al. 2022

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Three independent analysis methods were developed to investigate the distribution of solid mass in foams analyzed by X-ray tomography with effective pixel sizes larger than the thickness of the solid network (sub-pixel conditions). Validation of the methods was achieved by a comparison with the results obtained employing high-resolution tomography for the same set of foams. The foams showed different solid mass distribution, which varied from being preferentially located on the edges, with a fraction of mass in the struts nearing 0.6, to materials in which the fraction of mass in the struts was low, under 0.15. In all cases, the accuracy of the proposed approaches was greater for materials with a higher fraction of mass in the struts. The method based on deconvolution of the attenuation probability density function yielded the closest results to the high-resolution characterizations. In contrast, analysis of the solid matrix thickness distribution after watershed segmentation, and binarization of high thickness regions (struts segmentation) required normalization through macroscopic measurements and revealed higher deviations with respect to the high-resolution results. However, segmentation-based methods allowed investigation of the heterogeneity of the fraction of mass in the struts along the sample.

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“…The EBSD (electron back scatter diffraction) technique can be used to characterize the texture of a foam and its local crystallographic orientation [126]. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray micro computed tomography (X-ray micro CT) are used to measure the porosity [127]. The density and the porosity values of the foams can also be estimated measuring the dimensions and the mass [62].…”

Section: Methods Of Characterization Of Liquid and Solid Foamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microfluidics Mediated Production of Foams for Biomedical Applications

et al. 2020

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Within the last decade, there has been increasing interest in liquid and solid foams for several industrial uses. In the biomedical field, liquid foams can be used as delivery systems for dermatological treatments, for example, whereas solid foams are frequently used as scaffolds for tissue engineering and drug screening. Most of the foam functionalities are largely correlated to their mechanical properties and their structure, especially bubble/pore size, shape, and interconnectivity. However, the majority of conventional foaming fabrication techniques lack pore size control which can induce important inhomogeneities in the foams and subsequently decrease their performance. In this perspective, new advanced technologies have been introduced, such as microfluidics, which offers a highly controlled production, allowing for design customization of both liquid foams and solid foams obtained through liquid-templating. This short review explores both the fabrication and the characterization of foams, with a focus on solid polymer foams, and sheds the light on how microfluidics can overcome some existing limitations, playing a crucial role in their production for biomedical applications, especially as scaffolds in tissue engineering.

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Structural characterization of solid foams

Cited by 13 publications

References 38 publications

Selected Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Open-Cell Metal Foams

Selected Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Open-Cell Metal Foams

Sub-pixel Tomographic Methods for Characterizing the Solid Architecture of Foams

Microfluidics Mediated Production of Foams for Biomedical Applications

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