Structural characterization of three new AAL toxins produced by Alternaria alternata f. sp. lycopersici

Caldas, Eloísa Dutra; Jones, A. Daniel; Ward, Barney; Winter, Carl K.; Gilchrist, David G.

doi:10.1021/jf00038a018

Cited by 47 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Fumonisins and Alternaria alternata lycopersici (AAL) toxins, a recently discovered group of mycotoxins structurally related to sphinganine, are produced by Fusarium moniliforme (1)(2)(3)(4)(5) and strains of Alternaria alternata (6,7), respectively ( Fig. 1).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fumonisins and Alternaria alternata lycopersici toxins: sphinganine analog mycotoxins induce apoptosis in monkey kidney cells.

Wang

Jones²,

Zanella

et al. 1996

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

177

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fumonisins and Alternaria alternata lycopersici toxins: sphinganine analog mycotoxins induce apoptosis in monkey kidney cells.

Wang

Jones²,

Zanella

et al. 1996

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

177

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“…A number of congeners of AAL toxins, which are structurally-related to the fumonisins, have been identified and are produced by the fungus Alternaria altemata f.sp. lycopersici (18,19) while other toxins such as alternariol, alternariol monomethyl ether, and tenuazonic acid have also been produced by Alternaria species (20).…”

Section: Naturally Occurring Toxins In Foodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticides and Human Health: The Influence of Pesticides on Levels of Naturally-Occurring Plant and Fungal Toxins

Winter¹

1999

ACS Symposium Series

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While the potential health risks from pesticide residues generate significant public, legislative, and regulatory concern, it is possible that agricultural pesticide use may, on occasion, influence dietary risks. It has been proposed that pesticide use may reduce the risks associated with naturally-occurring toxins of plants and fungi by reducing the pest pressures which may stress plants into producing their own toxins or by controlling the fungi responsible for mycotoxin production. Very little direct research has been published investigating such pesticide/natural toxin relationships, however; the limited results have indicated that pesticide use may increase or decrease naturally -occurring toxin levels. Current regulatory programs to examine such relationships are burdened by statutory limitations and jurisdictional issues. Present U.S. pesticide regulations allow only very limited consideration of benefits such as decreased risks from naturally -occurring toxins, and separate federal agencies control the regulation of pesticides and the regulation of naturally-occurring food toxins.Pesticide residues and their potential human health effects continue to receive considerable public, legislative, and regulatory attention while media accounts of this controversial topic remain frequent. The passage of the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) of 1996 (7) has presented tremendous challenges to pesticide regulators as they strive to more effectively perform risk assessments that consider factors such as cumulative and aggregate exposure and the special exposure and susceptibility issues of sub-populations (i.e. infants and children). Enforcement of FQPA may result in a significant number of regulatory actions limiting the uses of many pesticides, particularly those which belong to families of chemicals that share common toxicological mechanisms of action such as the organophosphate insecticides, the carbamate insecticides, and the triazine herbicides.

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“…The most prevalent and toxic pair of regioisomers (Figure 1) is designated AAL toxin TA (AAL-TA). Subsequently, three additional sets of regioisomers were identified in culture filtrates of the pathogen including two sets of isomers that lack detectable biological activity (Caldas et al, 1994).…”

Section: Sphinganine Analog Mycotoxins (Sams)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycotoxins reveal connections between plants and animals in apoptosis and ceramide signaling

Gilchrist

1997

Cell Death Differ

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Plants undergo programmed cell death during development and disease in contexts that are functionally analogous to apoptosis in animals. Recent studies involving plant cell death induced by mycotoxins, pathogens and lethal mutations along with the cell-autonomous death during development now point to several conserved connections to apoptosis in animals. Morphological markers indicative of apoptosis recently reported in plants include TUNEL positive cells, DNA ladders, Ca 2+ -activated nucleosomal DNA cleavage, and formation of apoptotic-like bodies that occur in some but not all situations involving ordered cell death. In parallel studies with animal and plant cells treated with sphinganine analog mycotoxins our results indicate that the induction and inhibition of death may be mediated by ceramide-linked signaling systems. The presence and significance of ceramide-linked second messenger systems is well documented in animals but is virtually unknown in plants. Further research will discern the manner in which the important function of programmed cell death is conserved as well as diverged between the two kingdoms.

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Structural characterization of three new AAL toxins produced by Alternaria alternata f. sp. lycopersici

Cited by 47 publications

References 16 publications

Fumonisins and Alternaria alternata lycopersici toxins: sphinganine analog mycotoxins induce apoptosis in monkey kidney cells.

Fumonisins and Alternaria alternata lycopersici toxins: sphinganine analog mycotoxins induce apoptosis in monkey kidney cells.

Pesticides and Human Health: The Influence of Pesticides on Levels of Naturally-Occurring Plant and Fungal Toxins

Mycotoxins reveal connections between plants and animals in apoptosis and ceramide signaling

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