Structural chronology of the Alleghanian orogeny in southeastern West Virginia

Spatial and temporal variation in penetrative strain during compression: Insights from analog models

“…Mitra (1994) further showed that internal strains in the frontal thrust sheets are smaller than the internal strains in the hinterland thrust sheets. Typically, the development of penetrative strain-related features is considered to be a process that occurs early in the deformation process, before the development of macroscale structures (e.g., Geiser and Engelder, 1983;Mitra and Yonkee, 1985;Wiltschko et al, 1985;Henderson et al, 1986;Dean et al, 1988;Tavarnelli, 1997;Whitaker and Bartholomew, 1999;Weil and Yonkee, 2009), sometimes with a relationship to the developing thrust ramp (Fischer and Coward, 1982). Some authors have recognized multiple potential episodes of layer-parallel shortening (Geiser and Engelder, 1983;Gray and Mitra, 1993).…”

Effects of late Paleozoic foreland deformation on underground coal mine ground instability, Illinois and Appalachian Basins

“…Drag fold orientations at Mine #27 are particularly interesting because the trends of several anticlines in southern Illinois are represented at this single location. If anticline axes are assumed to be oriented perpendicularly to the direction of tectonic compression, then the rotation of drag fold strike would seem to suggest a record of changing tectonic stress orientation in the Illinois Basin, perhaps reflecting the differential convergence between Laurentia and Gondwana during the assembly of the supercontinent Pangea (Dean et al, 1988). It would be interesting to note the occurrences of drag folds in the roof rocks of other coal seams throughout the world, as a possible record of tectonic deformation in foreland and intracratonic basins.…”

“…The Appalachian Basin developed progressively in three phases during the late Ordovician Taconic orogeny (Quinlan and Beaumont, 1984;Ettensohn, 1994), the Devonian-aged Acadian orogeny (Osberg et al, 1989;Rast and Skehan, 1993) and the late Pennsylvanian-to Permian-aged Alleghanian orogeny (Dean et al, 1988;Faill, 1997).…”

Contrasts in Tectonic style of the Central and Southern Appalachians, United States: Insights from seismic reflection data

“…Sacks and Secor, 1990). Deformation in the Valley and Ridge has been shown to be diachronous, first in the southern Appalachians, then later in the central Appalachians (Dean et al, 1988;Miller and Kent, 1988). Stamatakos et al (1996), however, found from paleomagnetic evidence that remagnetization was relatively rapid at ca.…”