Structural colors, cosmetics, and fabrics

Dushkina, Natalia; Lakhtakia, Akhlesh

doi:10.1117/12.824095

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The essential geometric features of moth eyes have been fabricated by conventional and imprint lithography as antireflection coatings [10,11] and for other integrated-optical purposes [12], but these techniques should be classified as biomimetic rather than bioreplication. The same classification applies to the recent reproduction of the colors of a butterfly wing [13], but the structurally colored surface produced was not a reproduction of an actual wing; rather, it was an array of colloidal particles, which has long been known to produce structural colors [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass fabrication technique for polymeric replicas of arrays of insect corneas

et al. 2010

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Motivated to develop a technique for producing many high-fidelity replicas for the sacrifice of a single biotemplate, we combined a modified version of the conformal-evaporated-film-by-rotation technique and electroforming to produce a master negative made of nickel from a composite biotemplate comprising several corneas of common blowflies. This master negative can function as either a mold for casting multiple replicas or a die for stamping multiple replicas. An approximately 250 nm thick nickel film was thermally deposited on an array of blowfly corneas to capture the surface features with high fidelity and then a roughly 60 microm thick structural layer of nickel was electroformed onto the thin layer to give it the structural integrity needed for casting or stamping. The master negative concurrently captured the spatial features of the biotemplate at length scales ranging from 200 nm to a few millimeters. Polymer replicas produced thereafter by casting did faithfully reproduce features of a few micrometers and larger in dimension.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass fabrication technique for polymeric replicas of arrays of insect corneas

et al. 2010

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“…Bioreplication is the direct replication of a structure found in natural organisms, and thereby copy one or more functionalities, with the possibility of providing a bioreplica with additional functionalities given by the material(s) used to make it. 1 Techniques such as atomic layer deposition, 2, 3 nanocasting, 4-6 chemical vapor deposition, 7 lithography, [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] and physical vapor deposition 1, [16][17][18][19] have all been used to produce bioreplicas. The use of these techniques is paving the way to mass, high-fidelity replication of surfaces of biological origin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineered biomimicry: polymeric replication of surface features found on insects

et al. 2011

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By combining the modified conformal-evaporated-film-by-rotation (M-CEFR) technique with nickel electroforming, we have produced master negatives of nonplanar biotemplates. An approximately 250-nm-thick conformal coating of nanocrystaline nickel is deposited on a surface structure of interest found in class Insecta, and the coating is then reinforced with a roughly 60-µm-thick structural layer of nickel by electroforming. This structural layer endows the M-CEFR coating with the mechanical robustness necessary for casting or stamping multiple polymer replicas of the biotemplate. We have made master negatives of blowfly corneas, beetle elytrons, and butterfly wings.

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“…Humankind's recent entry into the realm of nanofabrication [5] has opened a new door for drawing inspiration from nature. Inspection via electron microscopy shows that nearly every insect has one or more remarkable microstructures, the most apparent of which are diffraction gratings and holographic gratings that cause many insects to exhibit some degree of iridescent coloration [6,7]. In many cases, the microscale and nanoscale structures found on the biological specimen are spatially complex and detailed to such an extent that analogous structures are nearly impossible to be produced economically by current nanofabrication methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Background and survey of bioreplication techniques

Pulsifer

Lakhtakia

2011

Bioinspir. Biomim.

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Bioreplication is the direct reproduction of a biological structure in order to realize at least one specific functionality. Current bioreplication techniques include the sol-gel technique, atomic layer deposition, physical vapor deposition, and imprint lithography and casting. The combined use of a focused ion beam and a scanning electron microscope could develop into a bioreplication technique as well. Some of these techniques are more suitable for reproducing surface features, others for bulk three-dimensional structures. Industrial upscaling appears possible only for imprint lithography and casting (which can be replaced by stamping).

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Structural colors, cosmetics, and fabrics

Cited by 13 publications

References 54 publications

Mass fabrication technique for polymeric replicas of arrays of insect corneas

Mass fabrication technique for polymeric replicas of arrays of insect corneas

Engineered biomimicry: polymeric replication of surface features found on insects

Background and survey of bioreplication techniques

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