Structural Comparison of the Finger Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Surfaces and Those of the Third Toe: Suitability for Joint Reconstruction

Change in the collateral and accessory collateral ligament lengths of the proximal interphalangeal joint using cadaveric model three-dimensional laser scanning

“…Although the changes in ligament length are small, these represent relatively large changes, ranging from 6.8% to 16.6%, as the PIP joint flexes. In addition, given the size of the PIP joint, the radius of curvature for the condylar heads of the proximal phalanx is also small, ranging from 4.02 mm to 4.16 mm (Hendry et al 2011) and 3.8 mm to 4.2 mm (Hernandez and Sommerkamp, 2010). The structure of the PIP joint gives an arc of motion of approximately 90° to 100° of flexion (Houshian et al, 2013).…”