an NSF predoctoral fellowship to J.S.M. We thank M. D. Pluth for helpful discussions and Dr. Ulla Andersen for assistance with mass spectrometry experiments.Isotope effects (IEs), which arise from differences in zero point energies (ZPEs) between a parent and isotopically substituted bond, have been used extensively by chemists to probe molecular interactions and reactivity. [1,2] Due to the anharmonicity of the C-H/D vibrational potential energy function and the lower ZPE of a C-D bond, the average C-D bond length is typically ~0.005 Å shorter than an equivalent C-H bond. [3][4][5] It is this difference in size that is often invoked to explain the observation of secondary, inverse kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) in chemical processes which proceed through a sterically strained transition state. This so-called "steric isotope effect" (SIE) has been observed in processes such as the racemization of ortho-substituted biphenyls [6] and phenanthrenes, [7] ring flipping of cyclophanes, [8] and more recently in the deslipping of rotaxanes, [9] where substitution of the sterically less demanding deuterium for protium results in rate accelerations for these processes. [10] Herein, we use deuterium substitution in a cationic guest molecule to probe the sensitivity limits of the guest exchange process from a highly-charged supramolecular host.The self-assembling [Ga 4 L 6 ] 12-supramolecular host (1, Figure 1) is composed of six ligands (L = 1,5-bis(2,3-dihydroxybenzamido)naphthalene) that span the edges of a tetrahedron and four Ga metal centers which sit at the vertices. [11,12] The host assembly 1 has a hydrophobic interior cavity that can encapsulate a variety of monocationic [13,14] and neutral [15,16] guest molecules, and has been shown to mediate the chemical reactivity of encapsulated guests. [17,18] Guest molecules can exchange between the interior and exterior of the host assembly via one of four C 3 -symmetric apertures (Figure 1) in the ligand framework, which expand and contract to accommodate guest exchange without Ga-L bond breakage (Figure 2). [19] Due to the large distortion of the host framework required for guest exchange, drastically different exchange rates are observed for guests of different size and shape. [20] These observations prompted us to investigate whether the tiny difference between C-H and C-D bond lengths is enough to produce a measurable effect on the guest exchange kinetics. In other words, just how much does guest size matter? The KIEs observed in this study demonstrate that host 1 is able to distinguish between guests with even as small a structural difference as isotopic substitution. This is the pre-peer reviewed version of the following article: Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2010, 49, 3635 -3637. which has been published in final form at