Structural crystallisation of crosslinked 3D PEDOT:PSS anisotropic porous biomaterials to generate highly conductive platforms for tissue engineering applications

Solazzo, Matteo; Monaghan, Michael G.

doi:10.1039/d0bm02123g

Cited by 29 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In particular, poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) draws considerable attention in providing electroactive coatings due to its high conductivity, high stability, and good biocompatibility, already shown for endothelial, epithelial, fibroblasts, macrophage, and human neural cell lines [5,6]. Recently, different forms of PEDOT were introduced as excellent biointerfaces, including organic platforms for neural stimulation and recording (PEDOT:Nafion) [7], hard tissue scaffolds (composite of PEDOT:PSS, gelatin and bioactive glass) [8], physiological strain sensors (composite of PEDOT:PSS functionalized CNTs and poly(glycerol sebacate urethane)) [9], and platforms for tissue engineering and organoid approaches (PEDOT:PSS crosslinked via glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane) [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dopant-Dependent Electrical and Biological Functionality of PEDOT in Bioelectronics

et al. 2021

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The aspiration to interact living cells with electronics challenges researchers to develop materials working at the interface of these two distinct environments. A successful interfacing coating should exhibit both biocompatibility and desired functionality of a bio-integrated device. Taking into account biodiversity, the tissue interface should be fine-tuned to the specific requirements of the bioelectronic systems. In this study, we pointed to electrochemical doping of conducting polymers as a strategy enabling the efficient manufacturing of interfacing platforms, in which features could be easily adjusted. Consequently, we fabricated conducting films based on a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) matrix, with properties modulated through doping with selected ions: PSS− (poly(styrene sulfonate)), ClO4− (perchlorate), and PF6− (hexafluorophosphate). Striving to extend the knowledge on the relationships governing the dopant effect on PEDOT films, the samples were characterized in terms of their chemical, morphological, and electrochemical properties. To investigate the impact of the materials on attachment and growth of cells, rat neuroblastoma B35 cells were cultured on their surface and analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and biological assays. Eventually, it was shown that through the choice of a dopant and doping conditions, PEDOT-based materials can be efficiently tuned with diversified physicochemical properties. Therefore, our results proved electrochemical doping of PEDOT as a valuable strategy facilitating the development of promising tissue interfacing materials with characteristics tailored as required.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dopant-Dependent Electrical and Biological Functionality of PEDOT in Bioelectronics

et al. 2021

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“…In particular, PEDOT shows superior electrical conductivity and thermal stability compared with PPy while also lowering its oxidation and reduction potential that could be damaging to cells 33,34 . PEDOT in combination with other materials also supports cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation across numerous electrically responsive cell types 35–37 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scaffold conductivity was quantified using LSV in a parallel plate cell. LSV has previously been used to evaluate electrical properties in biological sensors and 3D biomaterials by quantifying the current at a reference electrode as voltage is swept linearly with time 35,42 . In addition, LSV allows for rapid and reproducible characterization of scaffold electrical properties regardless of material geometry.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling scaffold conductivity and pore size to direct myogenic cell alignment and differentiation

Basurto

Muhammad

Gardner

et al. 2022

J Biomedical Materials Res

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Skeletal muscle's combination of three‐dimensional (3D) anisotropy and electrical excitability is critical for enabling normal movement. We previously developed a 3D aligned collagen scaffold incorporating conductive polypyrrole (PPy) particles to recapitulate these key muscle properties and showed that the scaffold facilitated enhanced myotube maturation compared with nonconductive controls. To further optimize this scaffold design, this work assessed the influence of conductive polymer incorporation and scaffold pore architecture on myogenic cell behavior. Conductive PPy and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) particles were synthesized and mixed into a suspension of type I collagen and chondroitin sulfate prior to directional freeze‐drying to produce anisotropic scaffolds. Energy dispersive spectroscopy revealed homogenous distribution of conductive PEDOT particles throughout the scaffolds that resulted in a threefold increase in electrical conductivity while supporting similar myoblast metabolic activity compared to nonconductive scaffolds. Control of freezing temperature enabled fabrication of PEDOT‐doped scaffolds with a range of pore diameters from 98 to 238 μm. Myoblasts conformed to the anisotropic contact guidance cues independent of pore size to display longitudinal cytoskeletal alignment. The increased specific surface area of the smaller pore scaffolds helped rescue the initial decrease in myoblast metabolic activity observed in larger pore conductive scaffolds while also promoting modestly increased expression levels of the myogenic marker myosin heavy chain (MHC) and gene expression of myoblast determination protein (MyoD). However, cell infiltration to the center of the scaffolds was marginally reduced compared with larger pore variants. Together these data underscore the potential of aligned and PEDOT‐doped collagen scaffolds for promoting myogenic cell organization and differentiation.

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“…In addition, the precise control on pore microarchitecture demonstrated sufficient biocompatibility to achieve superior isotropic and coupled scaffolding. These provide a new way to develop anisotropic unsecured biomaterial scaffolds with better conductivity through scalable post‐treatment 149 . Molino et al studied the poly(3,4‐ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) polymer were supplemented with algae‐derived glycan extract, Phycotrix [xylorhamno‐uronic glycan] (XRU84) providing biological and healing properties that promote instructions.…”

Section: Applications Of Bio‐materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These provide a new way to develop anisotropic unsecured biomaterial scaffolds with better conductivity through scalable post-treatment. 149 Molino et al studied the poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) polymer were supplemented with algae-derived glycan extract, Phycotrix [xylorhamno-uronic glycan] (XRU84) providing biological and healing properties that promote instructions. The increase in the content of XRU84 algae in PEDOT has increased in the surface nanoparticles.…”

Section: Applications Of Bio-materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manufactures of bio‐degradable and bio‐based polymers for bio‐materials in the pharmaceutical field

Aziz

Ullah

Ali

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In recent years, bio‐based polymers have emerged as an alternative to petroleum‐based polymers in various industries. The bio‐based materials are made from raw materials originating from natural sources, such as starch, cellulose, chitin, or bio‐degradable synthetic polymers (i.e., polycaprolactone and polylactic acid). In spite of several desirable properties of biodegradable polymers, for example, fully renewable, non‐toxic. Some properties like melt and impact strength, thermal stability, permeability, and so forth, still do not meet the demands for end‐use applications. One way to improve the properties of biopolymers and greatly enhance their commercial potential is to incorporate nanosized reinforcement in the polymer. The access of nano‐carriers to smart polymeric and bio‐materials are limited by polymerization methods. Bio‐polymers are considered an alternative to petroleum‐based fibers. These are directly produced by organisms. Smart nanoparticles are used in different medicines and their applications are size‐dependent. Among the different techniques used for sensitivity, selectivity, and interactions among the nanoparticles. More so, different approaches were found for polymerization. Methodologies such as the preparation of nano‐gels, bio‐degradable, and bio‐polymers manufacturing in the pharmaceutical field are discussed in detail. Their applications, properties in gene delivery, smart imaging, and multivalency approach are also highlighted.

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Structural crystallisation of crosslinked 3D PEDOT:PSS anisotropic porous biomaterials to generate highly conductive platforms for tissue engineering applications

Abstract: An emerging class of materials finding applications in biomaterial science- conductive polymers (CPs): are enabling the achivement of smarter electrode coatings, piezoresistive components within biosensors, and scaffolds for tissue engineering....

Cited by 29 publications

References 33 publications

Dopant-Dependent Electrical and Biological Functionality of PEDOT in Bioelectronics

Dopant-Dependent Electrical and Biological Functionality of PEDOT in Bioelectronics

Controlling scaffold conductivity and pore size to direct myogenic cell alignment and differentiation

Manufactures of bio‐degradable and bio‐based polymers for bio‐materials in the pharmaceutical field

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