Structural damage identification in plates via nonlinear structural intensity maps

Semperlotti, Fabio; Conlon, Stephen C.

doi:10.1121/1.3290175

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…13 Donskoy et al utilized a modulated wave interrogation technique to implement a nondestructive evaluation system, capable of analyzing more complex structures. 14 Recent work by Conlon and Semperlotti et al [15][16][17] showed the use of SI and nonlinear structural intensity (NSI) as health monitoring techniques for rotorcraft airframe structures by exploiting the nonlinear behavior of CAN. Linear SI relies on determining the energy flow present in a structure from only the driving (source) frequencies.…”

Section: B Intensity Based Shm Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These singlesensor metrics, denoted nonlinear strain (NLS) and nonlinear acceleration (NLA), are applied in a similar manner to NSSI and NSSI-MW in the frequency domain [see Eqs. (15), (16), (19), and (20)]. Each metric is developed using the respective sensor autospectra (strain or acceleration) and sums the content in the band around the prescribed nonlinear harmonics.…”

Section: B Implementation Of Experimental Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of contact acoustic nonlinearities on metal and composite airframe structures via intensity based health monitoring

Romano

Conlon

Smith

2013

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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Nonlinear structural intensity (NSI) and nonlinear structural surface intensity (NSSI) based damage detection techniques were improved and extended to metal and composite airframe structures. In this study, the measurement of NSI maps at sub-harmonic frequencies was completed to provide enhanced understanding of the energy flow characteristics associated with the damage induced contact acoustic nonlinearity mechanism. Important results include NSI source localization visualization at ultra-subharmonic (nf/2) frequencies, and damage detection results utilizing structural surface intensity in the nonlinear domain. A detection metric relying on modulated wave spectroscopy was developed and implemented using the NSSI feature. The data fusion of the intensity formulation provided a distinct advantage, as both the single interrogation frequency NSSI and its modulated wave extension (NSSI-MW) exhibited considerably higher sensitivities to damage than using single-sensor (strain or acceleration) nonlinear detection metrics. The active intensity based techniques were also extended to composite materials, and results show both NSSI and NSSI-MW can be used to detect damage in the bond line of an integrally stiffened composite plate structure with high sensitivity. Initial damage detection measurements made on an OH-58 tailboom (Penn State Applied Research Laboratory, State College, PA) indicate the techniques can be transitioned to complex airframe structures achieving high detection sensitivities with minimal sensors and actuators.

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Section: B Intensity Based Shm Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Implementation Of Experimental Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of contact acoustic nonlinearities on metal and composite airframe structures via intensity based health monitoring

Romano

Conlon

Smith

2013

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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“…The latter approach proposed in the literature has been named as the second harmonic imaging technique. Higher harmonic components were also considered in the context of structural integrity maps used for damage localization . More recently, an enhancement of the higher harmonics mapping technique—based on the concept of the local defect resonance (LDR)—has been proposed.…”

Section: Nonlinear Acoustics For Damage Detection and Localizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Damage imaging in composites using nonlinear vibro-acoustic wave modulations

Pieczonka

Zietek

Klepka

et al. 2017

Struct Control Health Monit

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The paper deals with the application of nonlinear vibro‐acoustic modulation technique for detection and localization of impact damage in a laminated composite plate. An imaging procedure—based on the nonlinear vibro‐acoustic modulation sidebands—is proposed. The procedure relies on simultaneous low‐frequency modal and high‐frequency ultrasonic excitations. Laser scanning vibrometry is used to analyze the amplitude of modulation sidebands in vibro‐acoustic responses. This analysis is performed for different positions on monitored structure to reveal the location and shape of damage. The method is illustrated using a simple example of impact damage detection in a composite plate. The experimental damage detection results are compared with the results obtained from the previously used approach on the basis of higher harmonic generation. The proposed method demonstrates better ability to locate damage in these comparative tests without the need to increase the measurement bandwidth to the higher harmonics regime. The work shows that the local defect resonance analysis can improve damage detection results of both compared approaches.

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“…In turn, the spatial derivatives of the out-of-plane displacement fields provide the necessary inputs for the assessment of SI and the localization of sources and sinks. Many studies have already been carried out to estimate the energy flow in the form of vector fields or by calculating its divergence, which allows clear visualization of vector's dispersion or convergence [4,5,[11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural intensity analysis of flat plates based on digital stroboscopic holography measurements

Pires

Muyshondt

Keustermans

et al. 2018

Journal of Sound and Vibration

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The analysis of structural intensity vector fields has shown to be a practical approach to characterize the energy flow in plate-like structures and to localize regions of injected or absorbed power. Such an analysis is performed by differentiating measured velocity or displacement fields of a sample. The quality of such a study strongly depends on the spatial resolution of the deformation data and its signal-to-noise ratio. The digital stroboscopic holography concept is presented in this work and used as a tool to record such deformations on a flat plate, which is in direct contact with a shaker and a damper. The current setup could provide the recording of displacement fields at a high spatial resolution showing little corruption by noise. These conditions permitted the measurement of deformation patterns containing short wavelengths, which were later used as inputs for the structural intensity analysis. By calculating the spatial derivatives of several out-of-plane displacement fields, the energy flowing through the plate was estimated and the position of the external devices (shaker and damper) could be identified by locating regions of the energy dispersion or convergence. The location of these specific regions was made even clearer by calculating the divergence of the energy flow.

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Structural damage identification in plates via nonlinear structural intensity maps

Cited by 22 publications

References 12 publications

Investigation of contact acoustic nonlinearities on metal and composite airframe structures via intensity based health monitoring

Investigation of contact acoustic nonlinearities on metal and composite airframe structures via intensity based health monitoring

Damage imaging in composites using nonlinear vibro-acoustic wave modulations

Structural intensity analysis of flat plates based on digital stroboscopic holography measurements

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