Structural damage in liver, gonads, and reduction in spawning performance and alteration in the haematological parameter of Anabas testudineus by glyphosate‐ a herbicide

Abstract

The increasing demand for herbicides in agricultural fields affected aquatic environments as they entered into water bodies by agricultural runoff. Glyphosate (GLY), an organophosphate herbicide, is widely used in India for weed control. This study aimed to evaluate the toxic effects of GLY on climbing perch Anabas testudineus by studying its effects on the gonadosomatic index (GSI), hepatosomatic index (HSI), gonad and liver histology, spawning performance, and haematological parameters (RBC, WBC, haemoglobin). In this study, Anabas testudineus were exposed to three sub‐lethal concentrations of GLY such as T1: 2.6 ppm (1/30th of 48h LC50), T2: 3.9 ppm (1/20th of 48h LC50) and T3: 7.8 ppm (1/10th of 48 hr LC50) for 45 days with 12 fish in each tank. Results indicated a significant decrease in GSI, HSI, structural alterations in testis, and ovary on 30th and 45th days of exposure. Vacuolation in tissue, dilution of sinusoid, altered tissue architecture in the liver, reduction in spawning performances (fertilization and hatching rate), increase in WBC count, decrease in RBC number and haemoglobin content were observed in all treatment groups on the 45th day exposure. Thus, the outcome of the present study revealed that the herbicide could deleteriously impair reproductive fitness, alter the liver structure, and haematological parameter of A. testudineus with a possible reduction in growth and population size.

Evaluation ofFoeniculum vulgareimpact on glyphosate hepato‐toxicity in Nile tilapia: Biochemical, molecular and histopathological study

“…In the present study in glyphosate-exposed fish, the liver showed degenerated hepatocytes, hyperplastic bile duct and congested hepatoportal blood vessels. The same histopathological picture was nearly noticed by Mohapatra et al (2021) Interestingly, fennel supplementation to glyphosate-exposed Nile tilapia in this study reversed the alterations in liver, oxidative stress and inflammatory markers towards the control values in a dose-dependent manner as seen in Tables 2 and 3 and supported with the histopathological results. Previous studies came in accordance with our results and suggested that fennel has hepatoprotective (Nazir et al, 2020), antioxidant (Al-Amoudi, 2017) and anti-inflammatory (Pacifico et al, 2018) properties based on the presence of polyphenols and flavonoids in its constituents.…”

“…In the present study in glyphosate‐exposed fish, the liver showed degenerated hepatocytes, hyperplastic bile duct and congested hepatoportal blood vessels. The same histopathological picture was nearly noticed by Mohapatra et al (2021) in Anabas testudineus , which was exposed to different concentrations of glyphosate for 45 days. Similarly, sublethal concentrations of di (2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate induced hepatic cell damage in Oreochromis mossambicus and Pseudetropus maculatus (Revathy & Chitra, 2015).…”

Effect of Organophosphate, Monocrotophos on Behavioural, Haematological, Histological and Biochemical Indices in the Subtropical Catfish Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch, 1794)

“…The presence of anisocytosis and poikilocytosis in Channa punctatus indicated toxic effects agrochemical on the red cell morphology due to pesticide impact (Mishra et al, 2017). Morphological deformations of RBC such as irregular margins, echinocytosis, lobopodial projections in response to toxicants were reported by various authors (Massar et al, 2012;Kaur and Kaur, 2015;Sadiqul et al, 2016;Mohapatra et al, 2021) and are in agreement with the findings of our present study.…”

Glyphosate-induced liver and kidney dysfunction, oxidative stress, immunosuppression in Nile tilapia, but ginger showed a protection role

“…Glyphosate is a very toxic herbicide involved in the protection against common herbs grown on crop farms and is known for its carcinogenic effects (Van Bruggen et al 2018). Exposure to subchronic glyphosate led to oxidative stress, immunosuppression, inflammation, and apoptosis in various fish species (Ma et al 2019;Mohapatra et al 2021;Yalsuyi et al 2021). The accumulation of herbicides, pesticides, and insecticides in the farming water affects the gills, skin, and intestines tissues of fish as the first mucosal lines directly contact the surrounding water (Banaee et al 2020;Saha et al 2021;Yang et al 2020).…”