Structural design and optimization of a series of 13.2 MW downwind rotors

Yao, Shulong; Chetan, Mayank; Griffith, D. Todd

doi:10.1177/0309524x20984164

Cited by 14 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…From Equation 3, we can observe that a 10% change in sectional flap-wise stiffness can be caused by a $3.5% decrease in the spar cap thickness (h). This shrinkage during the manufacturing of the wind turbine blade is consistent with the percentage shrinkage experienced at the SUMR-D root as reported by Yao et al 11,12 The high-fidelity model was adjusted to reflect this as-built condition.…”

Section: Consistent Refinements To the High-fidelity Modelsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…The SUMR-D wind turbine is a 20% scaled demonstrator for a 105-m 13.2-MW turbine called SUMR13i. 12 The scaling for the sub-scaled model was done using GAS methods by Loth et al 17 Regarding blade structural and dynamic properties, the structural flap-wise dynamics are expected to be replicated by matching the non-dimensional flap-wise frequency, and the non-dimensional tip deflection between the full-and sub-scaled models. Based on GAS, targets for blade distributed properties like linear mass density, sectional flap-wise, and edge-wise stiffness are defined.…”

Section: Sumr-d Bladementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on GAS, targets for blade distributed properties like linear mass density, sectional flap-wise, and edge-wise stiffness are defined. 19 The full-scale SUMR13i turbine 12 was designed to be a two bladed downwind highly coned turbine with an expected 25% reduction in mass in comparison to its three-bladed upwind baseline. 13 The resulting blades are unique, in having a lower first edge-wise frequency than first flap.…”

Section: Sumr-d Bladementioning

confidence: 99%

“…We demonstrate the development of this multi-fidelity digital twin structural model on a novel prototype-scale blade. This prototype-scale blade is based on a full-scale 13.2-MW turbine design with 105-m blades by Yao et al 12 and Griffith and Richards. 13 These turbines follow the SUMR concept of downwind turbines with active and passive coning.…”

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Multi‐fidelity digital twin structural model for a sub‐scale downwind wind turbine rotor blade

2021

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This paper presents the development of a multi-fidelity digital twin structural model (virtual model) of an as-built wind turbine blade. The goal is to develop and demonstrate an approach to produce an accurate and detailed model of the as-built blade for use in verifying the performance of the operating two-bladed, downwind rotor.The digital twin model development methodology, presented herein, involves a novel calibration process to integrate a wide range of information including design specifications, manufacturing information, and structural testing data (modal and static) to produce a multi-fidelity digital twin structural model: a detailed high-fidelity model (i.e., 3D finite element analysis [FEA]) and consistent beam-type models for aeroelastic simulation. A key element is that the multi-fidelity structural digital twin method follows the rotor from the stages of design, to manufacturing, then to the ground testing and field operation. The result of this comprehensive approach is an accurate multi-fidelity digital twin structural model for the geometric, structural, and structural dynamic properties of the as-built blade within a 1% match in mass properties, 3.2% in blade frequencies, and 6% in deflection. The different stages of processing this information within the methodology are discussed. The rotor examined is the SUMR-Demonstrator (SUMR-D), which was installed on the Controls Advanced Research Testbed (CART-2) wind turbine at the National Wind Technology Center. The digital twin model developed here was utilized to design controllers to safely operate SUMR-D in field tests, which are providing additional data for further evaluation and development of the multi-fidelity digital twin structural model.digital twin, downwind, extreme-scale wind turbine, field-testing, multi-fidelity model | INTRODUCTIONA numerical model that represents a physical system (i.e., "Digital Twin" as it's commonly known) has a wide variety of uses specifically to understand the behavior of a system under varying environmental or operating conditions without the cost of experimental operation time. Digital twins can aid in troubleshooting and remediation of performance issues, assist in prediction of failure of a real-world system, and help understand systems in extreme conditions that are difficult or risky to replicate physically. Digital twins can also provide estimates of system response (i.e., sensing) that are difficult or costly to measure. The low cost of digital twin models provides an abundance of opportunities for industry and

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Section: Consistent Refinements To the High-fidelity Modelsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Sumr-d Bladementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sumr-d Bladementioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multi‐fidelity digital twin structural model for a sub‐scale downwind wind turbine rotor blade

2021

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“…Minimizing resin uptake of wind turbines plays an essential role in reducing the weight of turbine blades, 23 and a lower resin uptake might help to increase stability and stiffness of a blade reduce labor cost, and ultimately reduce the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCoE). 24,25 However, how much an appropriate range of resin uptake should be in a sandwich composite has not been determined; this will be addressed in this paper.…”

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confidence: 99%

The effect of resin uptake on the flexural properties of compression molded sandwich composites

et al. 2021

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Resin uptake plays a critical role in the stiffness-to-weight ratio of wind turbine blades in which sandwich composites are used extensively. This work examines the flexural properties of nominally half-inch thick sandwich composites made with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) foam cores (H60 and H80; PSC and GPC) at several resin uptakes. We found that the specific flexural strength and modulus for the H80 GPC sandwich composites increase from 82.04 to 90.70 kN Á m/kg and 6.03 to 7.13 MN Á m/kg, respectively, with 11.0% resin uptake reduction, which stands out among the four core sandwich composites. Considering reaching a high stiffness-to-weight ratio while preventing resin starvation, 32% to 38% and 40% to 45% resin uptakes are adequate ranges for the H80 PSC and GPC sandwich composites, respectively. The H60 GPC sandwich composites have lower debonding toughness than H60 PSC due to stress concentration in the smooth side skin-core interphase region. The ailure mode of the sandwich composites depends on the core stiffness and surface texture. The H60 GPC sandwich composites exhibit core shearing and bottom skincore debonding failure, while the H80 GPC and PSC sandwich composites show top skin cracking and core crushing failure. The findings indicate that an appropriate range of resin uptake exists for each type of core sandwich composite, and that within the range, a low-resin uptake leads to lighter blades and thus lower cyclic gravitational loads, beneficial for long blades.

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Research on the feasibility of polyethylene terephthalate foam used in wind turbine blades

Liu

Antwi‐Afari

et al. 2022

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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The sandwich foam materials of wind turbine blades are mainly polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and styrene–acrylonitrile (SAN) foams due to their good mechanical properties. However, PVC foam is unrecyclable and not resistant to high‐temperature conditions, while SAN foam is more expensive than PVC foam. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) has irreplaceable advantages than both PVC and SAN foams because of its better mechanical performance, fantastic heat‐resistant, low cost, and environmental friendliness (100% recyclability). In this article, the mechanical properties, thermal stability, resin uptake, and cellular morphology of PET T92, PVC H60, and SAN T400 foams were discussed. The results showed that the mechanical properties of T92 were equivalent to the existing H60 and T400, and even exceed their properties. It was found that the thermal stability of T92 was better than H60 and T400 under the same high temperature. Moreover, the pore of T92 was more uniform and regular than H60 and T400. Furthermore, the overall cost of T92 was lower than H60 and T400. The findings suggest that PET foam with a density of 100 kg/m3 can completely replace PVC 60 kg/m3 and SAN 71 kg/m3 foams from the perspective of mechanical performance, cost, thermal stability, and environmental protection.

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Structural design and optimization of a series of 13.2 MW downwind rotors

Cited by 14 publications

References 26 publications

Multi‐fidelity digital twin structural model for a sub‐scale downwind wind turbine rotor blade

Multi‐fidelity digital twin structural model for a sub‐scale downwind wind turbine rotor blade

The effect of resin uptake on the flexural properties of compression molded sandwich composites

Research on the feasibility of polyethylene terephthalate foam used in wind turbine blades

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