Structural designs for ratiometric temperature sensing with organic fluorophores

Abstract

Thermosensitive probes with dual emission allow the ratiometric sensing of temperature with fluorescence measurements.

Regioisomeric BODIPY Benzodithiophene Dyads and Triads with Tunable Red Emission as Ratiometric Temperature and Viscosity Sensors

“…Moreover, fluorescent molecular temperature/viscosity sensors are advantageous for biological applications because of their noninvasive nature . Among the various design strategies for small organic molecule based ratiometric temperature‐ and viscosity‐probes, donor‐acceptor (D‐A) rotor molecules that show twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) are of particular interest . In recent years, multifunctional donor‐acceptor TICT rotors with large Stokes shift, pronounced solvatochromism, aggregate induced emission, temperature and viscosity sensing have been reported .…”

“…[3] Amongt he various design strategies for small organic molecule based ratiometric temperature-and viscosity-probes, [4] donor-acceptor (D-A) rotor molecules [5] that show twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) are of particular interest. [4,[6][7][8][9] In recent years, multifunctional donor-acceptorT ICT rotors with large Stokes shift, pronounceds olvatochromism, aggregate inducede mission,t emperature and viscosity sens-ing have been reported. [9][10][11] The rational design of am ultichromophoricr otor is ac omplex task because the emission of TICT rotors are governed by the subtle equilibrium between planar and twisted conformations in excited states, which are often non-trivial to predict computationally.…”

“…[4,[6][7][8][9] In recent years, multifunctional donor-acceptorT ICT rotors with large Stokes shift, pronounceds olvatochromism, aggregate inducede mission,t emperature and viscosity sens-ing have been reported. [9][10][11] The rational design of am ultichromophoricr otor is ac omplex task because the emission of TICT rotors are governed by the subtle equilibrium between planar and twisted conformations in excited states, which are often non-trivial to predict computationally. [12] Owing to the large Stokes shift of TICT rotors, minimal overlap occurs between their absorption and emission, leadingt ol ow reabsorption.…”

“…[25,26,[30][31][32][33][34][35] Luminescent thermometers based on molecular rotors are being intensively investigated for temperature sensing of cellular microenviron-ments as well as of microfluidic devices. [36] In recent years, TICT rotors [25] based on the BODIPY dyes [37][38][39][40] have been utilized efficiently for temperature sensing [9] as well as for imaging of cellular local micro viscosity using fluorescence lifetimei maging (FLIM). However,r ed emissiveB ODIPY derivatives [41][42][43] with temperature and viscosity sensing capability are extremelyr are in the literature.…”

Encapsulation of Dual Emitting Giant Quantum Dots in Silica Nanoparticles for Optical Ratiometric Temperature Nanosensors

“…Different types of nanothermometers [7][8][9][10][11][12] have been developed that offer a direct read-out of the temperature by transducing a temperature-dependent change of an optical property of the selected material, such as absorption, emission or Raman scattering. In this regards, fluorescent nanoparticles (NPs), such as quantum dots (QDs) [9,13,14], luminescent semiconductor [15], carbon dots [12,16], rare earth doped up-converting or down-converting NPs [1,7,8,17,18], polymeric particles [2,3,11,19] or organic dyes [10] are emerging as promising luminescence nanothermometry devices. They take advantage of the thermally induced changes of a fluorescence characteristic such as band intensity, band shape, spectral position and lifetime for a precise, and often multiparametric and ratiometric, [3,7,9,10,20] temperature detection.…”