Structural development at the leading edge of the salt-bearing Kuqa fold-and-thrust belt, southern Tian Shan, NW China

Retracted: Control of Multiple Detachments on Structural Development in the Southern Junggar Fold‐and‐Thrust Belt, Northern Tian Shan: Implications for Seismic Hazard Assessment

“…Then, we focused on the geometry and kinematic evolution of the Hutubi anticline using the ADS analysis method . Assuming conservation of area in a given section, ADS analysis has proven to be powerful in providing constraints on the deformation history of well-imaged contractional structures (Epard & Groshong, 1993;Gao et al, 2020;Gonzalez-Mieres & Suppe, 2011;Groshong, 2015;Le Béon et al, 2019;Schlische et al, 2014). Area is defined as the excess area of each deformed marker horizon above its original depositional position (i.e., the regional level), and depth is the height between the regional level and the reference level that we chose.…”

“…The results of existing numerical and analog modeling and natural example observations demonstrate that spatial distribution (e.g., thickness) and rheological behaviors (frictional or viscous) of detachments have a crucial impact on structural development in contractional FTBs (Borderie et al., 2018; Briggs et al., 2006; Davis & Engelder, 1985; Gao et al., 2020; Massoli et al., 2006; Meng & Hodgetts, 2019; Ruh et al., 2012; Sherkati et al., 2005; Vergés et al., 2011). In the southern Junggar FTB, main detachments that contain mechanically weak layers (mudstone and coal beds) include the Lower Jurassic Badaowan Formation (J 1 b) (serving as a regional, deep detachment), and the shallower Lower Cretaceous and Paleogene detachments (Dong et al., 2007; Luo et al., 2007).…”

“…• Hutubi anticline is a pure sheardominated detachment fold, which has experienced multi-stage tectonic shortening since the Late Jurassic • Multiple detachments have predominantly controlled the structural segmentation in the southern Junggar fold-and-thrust belt • Lateral structural variations and kinematic evolution also need to be considered in seismic hazard assessment The results of existing numerical and analog modeling and natural example observations demonstrate that spatial distribution (e.g., thickness) and rheological behaviors (frictional or viscous) of detachments have a crucial impact on structural development in contractional FTBs (Borderie et al, 2018;Briggs et al, 2006;Davis & Engelder, 1985;Gao et al, 2020;Massoli et al, 2006;Meng & Hodgetts, 2019;Ruh et al, 2012;Sherkati et al, 2005;Vergés et al, 2011). In the southern Junggar FTB, main detachments that contain mechanically weak layers (mudstone and coal beds) include the Lower Jurassic Badaowan Formation (J 1 b) (serving as a regional, deep detachment), and the shallower Lower Cretaceous and Paleogene detachments (Dong et al, 2007;Luo et al, 2007).…”

A Structural Interpretation Model and Restoration of the Mesozoic Proto‐basin for the Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin

“…In the last 20 years, with the accumulation of petroleum exploration data from the Kuqa Depression, several different interpretative models for the Meso-Cenozoic structural deformation, formation and evolution of the Kuqa Depression have been proposed (Jia et al, 1995;Allen and Vincent, 1999;Liu et al, 2000;Lu et al, 2000Lu et al, , 2001Wei et al, 2000;Li et al, 2001;Wang X et al, 2002;Sun et al, 2003;Wang Q C et al, 2004;Wu G H et al, 2007;Chen et al, 2009;He et al, 2009;Huang et al, 2009;Qi et al, 2009aQi et al, , b, 2013Wu Z Y et al, 2014;Tian et al, 2016a, b;Wang W et al, 2017Wang W et al, , 2020Gao et al, 2020a). The early popular view was that the Kuqa Depression primarily developed thin skin contraction structural deformation with the thrust-fold structure detached from the base of the Mesozoic or Cenozoic, similar to the thrust-fold structure on a typical foreland basin (e.g., Alberta Basin in the eastern Canadian Rockies, Zagros Basin in the south-western Zagros Mountain).…”

“…There is strong contraction structural deformation at depth, with basement involvement deformation, indicating that the Kuqa Depression structure is complex and has experienced differential deformation that was zoned, stratified and segmented. Based on new seismic data, it can be concluded that the piedmont area of the Kuqa Depression is a complex contractile structural deformation zone, with different deformation characteristics of zonation from north to south, segmentation from east to west and vertical stratification (Huang et al, 2009;Yu et al, 2009;Qi et al, 2013;Li et al, 2017;Lü et al, 2019;Gao et al, 2020a;Wang et al, 2020).…”