Structural, dielectric, ferroelectric and magnetic properties of Gd doped BiFeO₃

Gd3+-substituted BiFeO3 perovskite nanoparticles: facile synthesis, characterization, and applications in heterogeneous catalysis

“…Also, the two peaks corresponding to the planes (104) and (110) tend to merge into one broadened peak for the doped samples. 37,38…”

“…Furthermore, the structural stability of the perovskite substance can also be quantified using the Goldschmidt tolerance factor (TF), and the tolerance factors of the BFO, GBFO1, GBFO2 and GBFO3 nanostructures can be determined by, 26,39–41 where R is the effective ionic radius (Gd 3+ = 0.938, Bi 3+ = 1.17, Fe 3+ = 0.69, and O 2− = 1.24 Å, respectively 38,39,42 ). The values of the tolerance factor for the BFO, GBFO1, GBFO2, and GBFO3 samples are 0.882, 0.878, 0.870, and 0.861, respectively.…”

“…When the Gd concentration was increased from x = 0.05 to 0.25 a reduction in the values of a ( b ) and c was noticed owing to the differences in the ionic radii of Bi 3+ and Gd 3+ . 38,39,42…”

“…Also, the two peaks corresponding to the planes (104) and (110) tend to merge into one broadened peak for the doped samples. 37,38 Furthermore, the structural stability of the perovskite substance can also be quantified using the Goldschmidt tolerance…”

Investigation of Structural, Electrical, and Vibrational Properties of Bi1.98A0.02Fe4O9 (A = Ba, Ce) Multiferroic Ceramics

“…Figure 5 represents the dielectric loss (tanδ) as a function of frequency of Bi 2 Fe 4 O 9 -based ceramics at room temperature. Furthermore, Ba and Ce-doped Bi 2 Fe 4 O 9 exhibited higher value of dielectric constant and dielectric loss as compared with pristine Bi 2 Fe 4 O 9 due to large off-center displacement of Fe 3+ ions in octahedral and reduced particle size [35]. As the hopping process of conducting electrons and holes increases, the band gap decreases and the conductivity increases [36].…”