Structural dimorphism in the mammillary bodies of the rat

López, Laudino; Braña, M.A. Rodríguez; Burgos, Paula I.; Árias, Jorge L.

doi:10.1016/0304-3940(94)90081-7

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In the human, Begega et al (1999b) found no change in any of these parameters. In terms of sexual dimorphisms, in the rat, Lopez et al (1994) utilized stereology and reported a greater number of glia and larger volume in the male MMN than the female, but found no difference in neuron number. In the present study we found no age-related change in MMN neuron number, glia number, or volume in male or female subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuron numbers in the hypothalamus of the normal aging rhesus monkey: Stability across the adult lifespan and between the sexes

Roberts

Killiany

Rosene

2012

J of Comparative Neurology

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Normal aging is accompanied by changes in hypothalamic functions including autonomic and endocrine functions and circadian rhythms. The rhesus monkey provides an excellent model of normal aging without the potential confounds of incipient Alzheimer's disease inherent in human populations. This study examined the hypothalamus of 51 rhesus monkeys (23 male, 18 female, 6.5–31 years old) using design-based stereology to obtain unbiased estimates of neuron and glia numbers and the Cavalieri method to estimate volumes for eight reference spaces: total unilateral hypothalamus, suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), supraoptic nucleus (SON), paraventricular nucleus (PVN), dorsomedial nucleus (DM), ventromedial nucleus (VM), medial mammillary nucleus (MMN), and lateral hypothalamic area (LHA). The results demonstrated no age-related difference in neuron number, glia number, or volume in any area in either sex except the PVN of male monkeys, which showed a significant increase in both neuron and glia numbers with age. Comparison of males and females for sexual dimorphisms revealed no significant differences in neuron number. However, males had more glia overall as well as in the SCN, DM, and LHA and had a larger hypothalamic volume overall and in the SCN, SON, VM, DM, and MMN. These results demonstrate that hypothalamic neuron loss cannot account for age-related deficits in hypothalamic function and provides further evidence of the absence of neurode-generation and cell death in the normal aging rhesus monkey.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuron numbers in the hypothalamus of the normal aging rhesus monkey: Stability across the adult lifespan and between the sexes

Roberts

Killiany

Rosene

2012

J of Comparative Neurology

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“…Sexual dimorphism in astroglia morphology and sex differences in the expression of the specific astroglial marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) have been reported in different brain areas, including the hippocampal formation, cerebellum, striatum, and hypothalamus (Tranque et al, 1987;Garcia-Segura et al, 1988;Beyer et al, 1990;Suarez et al, 1991Suarez et al, , 1992Lopez et al, 1994;Chowen et al, 1995;Collado et al, 1995;Mong et al, 1996). Estradiol regulates morphology and gene expression in astroglia of the hippocamus and hypothalamus of adult rats (Day et al, 1993;Luquin et al, 1993;Garcia-Segura et al, 1994b;Kohama et al, 1995;Stone et al, 1997Stone et al, , 1998 and down-regulates astroglia proliferation and formation of reactive astroglia after injury in the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus (GarciaEstrada et al, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Localization of estrogen receptor ?-immunoreactivity in astrocytes of the adult rat brain

Azcoitia

Sierra

García‐Segura

1999

Glia

202

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“…It is well known that the male and female sexes have phenotypic differences; they also exhibit differences related to health, lifespan and cognitive abilities (Rinn & Snyder, 2005). Steroid sex hormones have an organizational role in the sex‐specific morphology of brain development (Hutchison et al ., 1994; Lopez et al ., 1994; McEwen, 1999; Moore et al ., 2000; Quadros et al ., 2002b). The functional interactions between gonadal steroid hormones and target structures in the brain seem to be complex and appear to involve sex, region, and seasonal specificity (Schlinger & Arnold, 1991; McEwen, 1999; Moore et al ., 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual dimorphism in the medial vestibular nucleus of adult rats: Stereological study

Ayyıldız

Kozan

Ağar

et al. 2008

Anatomical Science International

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The vestibular system helps the body to maintain equilibrium. There are four vestibular nuclei on the right and left sides, the medial vestibular nucleus being the largest. The volumes and total numbers of neurons in the left and right medial vestibular nuclei of adult male and female rats were estimated using stereological techniques. The volumes of the left and right medial vestibular nucleus were 0.67 +/- 0.03 mm3 and 0.71 +/- 0.02 mm3 in the female, and 0.55 +/- 0.02 mm3 and 0.61 +/- 0.03 mm3 in the male rats, respectively. Total neuron numbers in the left and right medial vestibular nuclei were 19.364 +/- 791 and 20.978 +/- 784 in the female, and 16.905 +/- 229 and 15.547 +/- 439 in the male rats, respectively. No asymmetry in volume was found between the left and right sides in either sex; but a significant difference in volume was observed for the right medial vestibular nucleus between male and female rats. A significant difference in total neuron number between the left and right medial vestibular nuclei was observed in female and male rats: in male rats, left > right; in female rats, right > left. There was also a significant difference between male and female rats with regard to total number of neurons in the medial vestibular nuclei, the female having more neurons than the male on both sides, that is, female > male. These results indicate that neuron number in the medial vestibular nucleus shows laterality in the same sex, and a female-based sexual dimorphism.

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Structural dimorphism in the mammillary bodies of the rat

Cited by 10 publications

References 15 publications

Neuron numbers in the hypothalamus of the normal aging rhesus monkey: Stability across the adult lifespan and between the sexes

Neuron numbers in the hypothalamus of the normal aging rhesus monkey: Stability across the adult lifespan and between the sexes

Localization of estrogen receptor ?-immunoreactivity in astrocytes of the adult rat brain

Sexual dimorphism in the medial vestibular nucleus of adult rats: Stereological study

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