The ribosome-bound trigger factor (TF) chaperone assists folding of newly synthesized polypeptides and participates in the assembly of macromolecular complexes. In the present study we showed that multiple distinct TF paralogues are present in genomes of Desulfitobacteria, a bacterial genus known for its ability to grow using organohalide respiration. Two full-length TF chaperones and at least one truncated TF (lacking the N-terminal ribosome-binding domain) were identified, the latter being systematically linked to clusters of reductive dehalogenase genes encoding the key enzymes in organohalide respiration. Using a well-characterized heterologous chaperone-deficient Escherichia coli strain lacking both TF and DnaK chaperones, we demonstrated that all three TF chaperones were functional in vivo, as judged by their ability to partially suppress bacterial growth defects and protein aggregation in the absence of both major E. coli chaperones. Next, we found that the N-terminal truncated TF-like protein PceT functions as a dedicated chaperone for the cognate reductive dehalogenase PceA by solubilizing and stabilizing it in the heterologous system. Finally, we showed that PceT specifically interacts with the twin-arginine signal peptide of PceA. Taken together, our data define PceT (and more generally the new RdhT family) as a class of TF-like chaperones involved in the maturation of proteins secreted by the twin-arginine translocation pathway.
INTRODUCTIONFolding of newly synthesized polypeptides in the cytosol is assisted by molecular chaperones (Hartl & Hayer-Hartl, 2009). In bacteria, the ribosome-bound chaperone trigger factor (TF) plays a major role in this process. In Escherichia coli, it is believed that most nascent polypeptides emerging from the ribosome interact with TF before completing their folding (Hoffmann et al., 2010;Kramer et al., 2009). TF chaperone specifically binds to L23 protein at the polypeptide exit tunnel of active ribosomes with a 1 : 1 stoichiometry (Ferbitz et al., 2004;Kramer et al., 2002b;Patzelt et al., 2001). Remarkably, it has been recently shown that TF cycles the ribosome on and off and that ribosome-free TF may stay bound to elongating polypeptides for a prolonged period (Kaiser et al., 2006;Rutkowska et al., 2008).In agreement with such a property, it has recently been proposed that TF participates in the post-translational assembly of large protein complexes in the cytosol (Martinez-Hackert & Hendrickson, 2009). The TF chaperone is composed of three distinct protein domains, which have been functionally and structurally determined. The Nterminal domain (NTD) consists of a ribosome-binding domain containing a conserved motif responsible for binding to ribosomal proteins (Hesterkamp et al., 1997;Kramer et al., 2002aKramer et al., , 2004. The central module in the TF structure corresponds to the C-terminal domain (CTD) and harbours the core of the chaperone activity (Genevaux et al., 2004;Kramer et al., 2004). Finally the domain encoded at the centre of the tig gene exhibits a ...