Structural, electrical and piezoelectric properties of nanocrystalline tin-substituted barium titanate ceramics

Ferroelectric, piezoelectric and electrostrictive properties of Sn4+‐modified Ba0.7Ca0.3TiO3 lead‐free electroceramics

“…3,[7][8][9][10][11] Furthermore, the substitution of Ca 2+ at Ba 2+ in BaTiO 3 -CaTiO 3 system (i.e., to form Ba 1Àx Ca x TiO 3 (BCT) ceramics) results in a slight increase in the Curie temperature (T C ) and on the other hand suppresses the orthorhombic to tetragonal (T O-T ) transition temperature. [13][14][15][16][17] Moreover, the Curie temperature of BT-based electroceramics are sensitive to Sn 4+ content, which obeys the structure-property correlation. 12 Modified BT-based electroceramics, that is, a binary solid solution system composed of ferroelectric BT and nonferroelectric barium stannate (BaSnO 3 ), that is, BaTi 1Àx Sn x O 3 (BTS) has attracted considerable attention due to the presence of diffused type phase transition.…”

“…This is one of the important considerations in developing the temperature stability of piezoelectric properties for various practical applications. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] In this context, many research groups have reported the dielectric, diffused phase transition, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties of BCST ceramics. [13][14][15][16][17] Moreover, the Curie temperature of BT-based electroceramics are sensitive to Sn 4+ content, which obeys the structure-property correlation.…”

Synthesis and characterization of BaTi1−xSnxO3–0.5mol%GeO2

“…For higher Sn addition, the permittivity peak reduced below 150 K and cannot be observed. The shifting of T C towards lower temperatures, for 0 6 x 6 0.5, can be explained [11] by the effects of large Sn 4+ ions on the substitution of smaller Ti 4+ ions: the nonferroelectric BS reduces the ferroelectric properties of BT and makes the spontaneous polarization less stable. Uchino et al [12] discussed that a decrease in the grain size will shift T C downward, toward 0 K for a particular critical particle size.…”

Ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of (Ba<inf>0.7</inf>Ca<inf>0.3</inf>)(Ti<inf>1&#x2212;x</inf>Sn<inf>x</inf>)O<inf>3</inf> lead-free ceramics

“…It is observed that, with Sn 4+ content, the butterfly loop is much more symmetric for composition x = 0.025 and 0.050, maximum remnant strain 0.0725% observed at x= 0.075 and further the area inside the loop observed to be decreasing. As Sn 4+ content increases, the Curie temperature of BCST system decreases and for x = 0.100, the Curie temperature is very close to the room temperature and thus the piezoelectric properties get ceased with respect to Sn 4+ content [16]. Thus, the system gets transformed from non-centrosymmetric to less symmetric crystal structure with Sn 4+ content.…”