The
GW
approximation in electronic structure theory has become a widespread tool for predicting electronic excitations in chemical compounds and materials. In the realm of theoretical spectroscopy, the
GW
method provides access to charged excitations as measured in direct or inverse photoemission spectroscopy. The number of
GW
calculations in the past two decades has exploded with increased computing power and modern codes. The success of
GW
can be attributed to many factors: favorable scaling with respect to system size, a formal interpretation for charged excitation energies, the importance of dynamical screening in real systems, and its practical combination with other theories. In this review, we provide an overview of these formal and practical considerations. We expand, in detail, on the choices presented to the scientist performing
GW
calculations for the first time. We also give an introduction to the many-body theory behind
GW
, a review of modern applications like molecules and surfaces, and a perspective on methods which go beyond conventional
GW
calculations. This review addresses chemists, physicists and material scientists with an interest in theoretical spectroscopy. It is intended for newcomers to
GW
calculations but can also serve as an alternative perspective for experts and an up-to-date source of computational techniques.