Structural equation modeling of sleep apnea, inflammation, and metabolic dysfunction in children

Waters, Karen A.; Mast, Benjamin T.; Vella, Silvano; Eva, Roland de la; O’Brien, Louise M.; Bailey, Sherryn; Tam, Charmaine S.; Wong, Melanie; Baur, Louise A.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2007.00614.x

Cited by 66 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…4 Disordered sleep may also be a risk factor for metabolic syndrome in both children and adults. 5,6 However, excessive daytime sleepiness is thought to relate to obesity independently of sleep-disordered breathing, 7 and recent studies have linked increased body weight in mice with increased sleep, 8 particularly during the dark period when mice are usually more active (an observation that the authors made in comparison with human daytime sleepiness).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Wheel running in female C57BL/6J mice: impact of oestrus and dietary fat and effects on sleep and body mass

2009

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Objective: To examine the impact of two diets differing in fat content and of wheel-running exercise on body mass. Methods: A total of 32 female C57BL/6J mice were assigned to either a high-fat (HF, 41% of dietary energy as fat) or low-fat (LF, 11% of dietary energy as fat) diet (16 per diet, individually housed). Eight mice from each diet group were housed with running wheels. Non-running mice were housed in similar cages, without wheels. Total cage activity (including non-exercise physical activity þ wheel running) and sleep time were also measured using an infra-red-sensing device. Oestrus stage of the wheel-running mice was assessed daily for 17 days. Results: After 8 weeks, HF mice were significantly heavier than LF mice (P ¼ 0.004), but there was no detectable difference in body fat mass. Wheel-running mice tended to have a lower body mass than non-running controls (P ¼ 0.056). Voluntary cage activity was greater in LF control mice than HF control mice, and in wheel-running mice compared with non-wheel-running mice. HF control mice slept more than LF control mice. Stage of oestrus was significantly correlated with running distance, with mice running farthest in the immediate preoestrus phase and least immediately after oestrus. Conclusion: This study shows that HF diets in female C57BL/6J mice may increase sleep time similar to the effect of daytime sleepiness observed in obese humans.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Wheel running in female C57BL/6J mice: impact of oestrus and dietary fat and effects on sleep and body mass

2009

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“…Recent studies suggest that IL-10-producing B-cells play a regulatory role in suppressing harmful immune responses [8]. In fact, obesity is associated with low IL-10 production capacity [9,10].…”

Section: Relation Between Obesity and Spleenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of spleen-derived IL-10 in prevention of systemic low-grade inflammation by obesity [Review]

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Obesity can be associated with systemic low-grade inflammation that leads to obesity-related metabolic disorders. Recent studies raise the possibility that the inflammation in hypothalamus, liver and white adipose tissue (WAT) contributes to the pathogenesis of diet-induced obesity. We focus on the role of interleukin (IL)-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine produced from spleen in obesity because it is indicated that obesity decreases the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in spleen. Obesity results in decrease of IL-10 synthesis from spleen, probably due to reduction of B-cells expression by promoting oxidative stress and apoptosis in spleen. Splenectomy (SPX) aggravates the inflammatory response in hypothalamus, liver and WAT. These SPX-induced alterations are inhibited by systemic administration of IL-10. Moreover, in IL-10 deficiency, SPX had little effect on the inflammatory responses in these multiple organs. We show the role of spleen-derived IL-10 on inflammatory responses in obesity.

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“…This effect was independent of waist circumference. Waters et al 35 used structural equation modeling to assess the interrelations between childhood obesity, OSAS, inflammation and metabolic dysfunction. The metabolic factor for this model comprises glucose, insulin and leptin.…”

Section: Sleep Apnea and Metabolic Syndrome Sl Verhulst Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Is sleep-disordered breathing an additional risk factor for the metabolic syndrome in obese children and adolescents?

et al. 2008

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Sleep-disordered breathing is highly prevalent in childhood obesity. Two recent cross-sectional studies have demonstrated an independent association between the severity of sleep-disordered breathing and the metabolic syndrome. A limited number of studies have also addressed the correlation between sleep-disordered breathing and insulin resistance, the core factor of the metabolic syndrome. Cross-sectional reports in modestly obese children are in favor of an association between sleep apnea and insulin resistance. However, these findings were not confirmed in studies of normal-weight children and of morbidly obese children. Only one out of three treatment studies before and after adenotonsillectomy confirmed the association between sleep apnea and insulin resistance, but only in obese children. Although statistical power issues and differences in patient characteristics might partially explain these contradicting results, the evidence to date is far from establishing a causal link between sleep-disordered breathing and insulin resistance. Longitudinal studies and randomized control trials are therefore warranted to investigate a possible causal link between sleep-disordered breathing and insulin resistance.

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Structural equation modeling of sleep apnea, inflammation, and metabolic dysfunction in children

Cited by 66 publications

References 53 publications

Wheel running in female C57BL/6J mice: impact of oestrus and dietary fat and effects on sleep and body mass

Wheel running in female C57BL/6J mice: impact of oestrus and dietary fat and effects on sleep and body mass

Role of spleen-derived IL-10 in prevention of systemic low-grade inflammation by obesity [Review]

Is sleep-disordered breathing an additional risk factor for the metabolic syndrome in obese children and adolescents?

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