Structural Equation Modeling of Spatial Presence: The Influence of Cognitive Processes and Traits

Hofer, Matthias; Wirth, Werner; Kuehne, Rinaldo; Schramm, Holger; Sacau, Ana

doi:10.1080/15213269.2012.723118

Cited by 43 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The evidence thus far has failed to find a relationship when using more perceptually immersive systems. This is contrary to the assumptions of the process model of spatial presence (Wirth et al 2007) and is seemingly inconsistent with the evidence available using some desktop systems (Hofer et al 2012;Hartmann et al 2016). …”

Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

“…This link within the process model of spatial presence (Wirth et al 2007) has been primarily supported using evidence from desktop based systems, and has focused upon the specific ability to create visuospatial images (mental imagery). For example, Hofer et al (2012) pooled data across three studies which all used the same desktop virtual learning environment. In these instances the measure of spatial ability consisted of a self-report questionnaire regarding aspects of mental imagery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Individual differences in virtual reality: Are spatial presence and spatial ability linked?

2016

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Abstract:One aim of virtual reality technology is to immerse the user in a digital environment that is distinct from physical reality. Feeling spatially located in this digital environment is central to the experience, and is more formally known as spatial presence. Experiences of spatial presence differ between individuals; prominent theories assume that these differences may, in part, be explained by differences in more general spatial abilities.Whilst there is some support for this claim with desktop systems there is currently no direct empirical evidence to support this with more immersive technologies such as Head Mounted Displays (HMDs). In this study participants completed three different measures of spatial ability before experiencing two virtual environments. These measures included: a self-report of visuospatial imagery; the mental rotations test; and a test of topographical memory. After completing the measures, participants briefly experienced a virtual city and a virtual train ride through a HMD. The user's head movements were tracked and visual displays were updated to give the sense of a full 360 o environment. After each experience the participants reported how present they felt and the extent to which they had a mental model of the environment. Self-reports of imagery were positively correlated with reports of spatial presence, consistent with previous literature. However, spatial presence was not related to performance on either of the more objective tests. Whilst this provides confirmatory evidence that self-reports of imagery can predict presence it is still unclear which more basic spatial abilities, if any, could underlie this relationship.

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Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual differences in virtual reality: Are spatial presence and spatial ability linked?

2016

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“…[Please place Hofer et al, 2012), SPES was expected to be positively correlated with users' domain-specific interest, spatial imagery skills, attention allocation, spatial mental model, cognitive involvement, and trait absorption (see hypotheses H1 to H6). As shown in Table 3, all obtained correlations were highly significant and in the predicted direction.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SPES builds on a process model of the formation of spatial presence experiences proposed by Wirth et al (2007; see for empirical confirmations Hofer, Wirth, Kühne, Schramm, & Sacau, 2012), which was subsequently further enhanced by Schubert (2009) and by Wirth, Hofer and Schramm (2012). Within the present approach, the model helps to achieve two things.…”

Section: Theoretical Foundations Of Spesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Spatial Presence Experience Scale (SPES)

Hartmann¹,

Wirth

Schramm

et al. 2016

Journal of Media Psychology

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184

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Abstract. The study of spatial presence is currently receiving increased attention in both media psychology and communication research. The present paper introduces the Spatial Presence Experience Scale (SPES), a short eight-item self-report measure. The SPES is derived from a process model of spatial presence ( Wirth et al., 2007 , Media Psychology, 9, 493–525), and assesses spatial presence as a two-dimensional construct that comprises a user’s self-location and perceived possible actions in a media environment. The SPES is shorter than many other available spatial presence scales, and can be conveniently applied to diverse media settings. Two studies are reported (N1 = 290, N2 = 395) that confirm sound psychometric qualities for the SPES.

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“…We also construct mental representations of the actions of others, including motor simulations of observed action (Jeannerod, 2001;Rizzolatti, Fadiga, Gallese, & Fogassi, 1996) to mirrored brain activation for witnessed pain in others (Jackson, Rainville, & Decety, 2006). Through mental simulation and suspension of disbelief (Coleridge, 1871; as cited in Lombard & Ditton, 1997;Hofer, Wirth, Kuehne et al, 2012;Wirth, Hartmann, Bocking et al, 2007), we can be transported into fictional worlds of alternate realities often by simply reading a compelling narrative (Green & Brock, 2000).…”

Section: Pointing In Virtual Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embodied Presence: Evidence for Embodiment of Effectors When Pointing in Virtual Environments

Langerak¹

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Embodied presence in virtual realityi This work is dedicated in memory of Dr. Anthony Whitehead, whose kindness, curiosity, and diverse wealth of knowledge inspired me and countless other Carleton University students to follow their passions and never let the rules get in the way.Embodied presence in virtual reality ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS To my advisor Chris Herdman, this work would not have been possible without you and the innovative research facility you built at VSIM. Thank you for always being willing to entertain an idea -even if it's a little out there -while also helping me learn to stick to the plot.Thanks to my committee Jo-Anne Lefevre and Craig Leth-Steensen for the thoughtprovoking questions and the insightful suggestions that improved the quality of this work.Etelle Bourassa, thank-you for all the times that I left your office feeling better than when I walked in. Cecilia Jorgenson and Chunyun Ma, I cannot imagine this journey without all the support, perspective, and laughter that was shared in our writing group. Thank you.Mike Chan-Reynolds, I would not be where I am without you. You gave me a toolbox and inspired my curiosity. Thank-you for believing in me when I was starting, encouraging me when I was stuck, and reminding me of my strengths as I move forward.Matt Brown, thank-you for your support and your sarcasm. Both were important. You helped me trust my training and kept me honest when I wanted to gloss over the details.Kevin Grignon, thanks for always going to bat for me and reminding me to ask for what I need. Thanks also to Cale Vardy and Eric Mahlstedt for their support as I finished this thesis.Finally, I owe much gratitude to my family. Ben, you know how to take me seriously when I need a confidant and how to send me into a fit of giggles like no one else can. Thanks for bringing the balance of extremes that reminds me to always be me.Mom, thanks for encouraging in me a feisty determination that must have backfired on you more than once. You told me to become a doctor instead of marrying one. I have you to thank for the grit that got me here and the rebellious spirit that keeps me conquering. Embodied presence in virtual reality iii ABSTRACT In this thesis, I proposed and tested the Embodied Presence Model (EPM), a framework aimed at examining the role of mental representations of the environment and body's effectors in supporting presence in virtual reality. A fundamental assumption of the EPM is that presence is a direct result of interactions between one's environment and one's effectors (e.g., hands) thus requiring a mental representation of both. The EPM was therefore informed by current perspectives from perceptual, cognitive, and neuropsychology literature on how the relationship between the environment and the body. Three experiments were conducted, each with approximately 50 participants. In all three experiments a virtual pointing task was used wherein participants made speeded pointing movements to virtual targets presented on the table in front of them the virtual environment....

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Structural Equation Modeling of Spatial Presence: The Influence of Cognitive Processes and Traits

Cited by 43 publications

References 51 publications

Individual differences in virtual reality: Are spatial presence and spatial ability linked?

Individual differences in virtual reality: Are spatial presence and spatial ability linked?

The Spatial Presence Experience Scale (SPES)

Embodied Presence: Evidence for Embodiment of Effectors When Pointing in Virtual Environments

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