Structural equation modeling to detect predictors of breast self‐examination behavior: Implications for intervention planning

Abstract

Aim Breast cancer is the most frequent malignant tumor among Chinese women. Breast self‐examination (BSE) is a simple, effective method for early detection of screening and it is essential for the prevention and control of breast cancer. The aim of this study was to create a hypothetical model to determine the factors influencing women's BSE behavior in Eastern China. Methods A survey was conducted using an online questionnaire and targeting 1200 women aged 18–70 years in Eastern China. Collected data were analyzed using ibm spss 25.0 and amos 24.0 software. Results The final model showed a desirable fitness to sample data. A direct positive relationship exists between knowledge on risk factors and BSE. A direct positive association was found between positive attitudes and BSE, while negative attitudes have a direct negative impact on BSE. Objective factors not only had a significant direct impact on BSE, but also directly affected the positive attitudes. Positive attitudes play an intermediary role between objective factors and BSE. Conclusion Knowledge on risk factors about breast cancer, attitudes toward BSE and objective factors are new predictors which may influence BSE by using the structural equation modeling method.

Socioeconomic status index is an independent determinant of breast cancer screening practices: Evidence from Eastern China

“…Similarly, a study by Yavari et al [ 45 ] showed that women with lower education had insufficient knowledge of breast cancer detection, compared with highly educated women. This indicates that women with high SES tend to have more health-related knowledge [ 24 ], which may contribute to their participation in health-promoting programs [ 16 ]. Educational campaigns about cancer should proactively reach vulnerable women and promote widespread access to knowledge about breast cancer.…”

“…Simultaneously, women older than 40 years, or younger if they have a high risk, are recommended to undergo mammography in combination with CBE or ultrasonography every 1 to 2 years [14]. However, breast cancer screening rates have remained low among Chinese women [15][16][17][18]. A survey conducted in 2010 reported that only 21.7% of 53,513 Chinese women aged 18-107 years had been screened [17].…”

Predictors of breast self‐examination behavior among adult females in Najran city, Saudi Arabia

“…First, Ossai et al (2019) who assessed BSE predictors among Ebonyi State University in Nigeria, stated that good knowledge and family history of BC were the essential predictors of BSE practice among their participants. Second, Ju et al (2021) formulated a hypothetical model to detect BSE predictors. They reported that the level of knowledge and positive attitude toward BSE could effectively predict the intention to practice it.…”

Psychotherapeutic intervention on breast self-examination based on Health Belief Model

“…Despite all these advantages, the frequency of application is variable 44.4%—75% (Dewi et al, 2019 ; Tu et al, 2006 ; van Dooren et al, 2003 ), and the quality of the examination is low, the percentage of those who perform correctly procedure ranging from 15.7% to 27% (Carelli et al, 2008 ; Tu et al, 2006 ). According to various studies, factors influencing breast self-examination include: beliefs and attitudes about breast cancer, knowledge about risk factors, social influence, self-efficacy (Luszczynska & Schwarzer, 2003 ; Lechner et al, 2004 ; Mason & White, 2008 ; Didarloo et al, 2017 ; Dewi et al, 2019 ; Ju et al, 2021 ).…”