Structural evaluation of Félix Candela’s 8-sided hyperbolic paraboloidal umbrellas

Wang, Shengzhe; Levine, Annie; Garlock, María Eugenia Moreyra; Contreras-Jiménez, José Antonio; Jorquera-Lucerga, Juan José

doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.111156

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…1(a)]. This doubly curved geometry exhibiting negative Gaussian curvature imparts impressive structural performance which has been reported widely in the literature (Candela 1955;Draper et al 2010;Michiels et al 2016;Wang et al 2020b). The incorporation of kinetic umbrellas adjacent to urbanized waterfronts thus provides shade and shelter without limiting visibility or access to the shore during normal weather conditions [Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…The reduction in M Ã and V Ã was attributed to the marked increase in compressive (C) and tensile (T) normal stresses [Fig. 13(b)] facilitated by the double curvature of hypar geometry dramatically increasing the shell's resistance against out-of-plane deformation (Wang et al 2020b). This effect is observed clearly via the reduction in maximum shell deflections in Fig.…”

Section: Structural Response Under Hurricane Wavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Feasibility of Kinetic Umbrellas as Deployable Flood Barriers during Landfalling Hurricanes

et al. 2022

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The legacy of structural artist Félix Candela is defined by his integration of thin hyperbolic paraboloid (hypar) shells within architecture across the Americas. One such form is the inverted umbrella, arising from the merger of four straight-edged hypar quadrants. The strength and elegance embodied by this geometry facilitated the recent conceptualization of kinetic umbrellas as an adaptable alternative to conventional floodwalls against surge-induced coastal inundation. Although the conceptual feasibility of such structures under hydrostatic inundation has been ascertained, their performance under combined surge and wave loading remains unknown. This paper used a threedimensional (3D) numerical scheme integrating smoothed particle hydrodynamics with finite-element modeling for the structural analysis of kinetic umbrellas under the hydrodynamic regime. The technique was validated via dam-break testing involving 3D-printed specimens, and through empirical wave pressure formations at full scale. The behavior of kinetic umbrellas subject to surge and wave impact imparted by Hurricane Sandy (2012) at Monmouth Beach, New Jersey, was evaluated across different hypar geometries and angles of wave attack. Results showed the introduction of hypar geometry significantly enhances structural performance such that a 100-mm-thick umbrella successfully can resist hydrodynamic wave forces accompanying 2.7 m of inundation from landfalling hurricanes. Ultimately, this paper illustrates a creative yet practical structural engineering solution for mitigating the effects of climate change in coastal communities.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Structural Response Under Hurricane Wavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of Kinetic Umbrellas as Deployable Flood Barriers during Landfalling Hurricanes

et al. 2022

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“…The geometry of four-sided kinetic umbrellas adopted in this work were based upon Wang et al [7] with each side measuring 8 m (yielding a projected area of 64 m 2 ). Each umbrella (Figure 8b) was constructed via the merger of four straight-edged hypar quadrants (Figure 8a) defined mathematically via z = k r xy based on the axis shown in Figure 8a, where k r = r/ a q b q is the warping or twist of the umbrella [52]. The length of each square quadrant was maintained at a q = b q = 4 m while four different rises of r = 0, 0.96 m, 1.92 m, and 2.88 m were adopted to adjust the extent of geometrical warping.…”

Section: Kinetic Umbrellas Case Study 41 Geometric Description Of Kmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parametric Modeling of Depth-Limited Wave Spectra under Hurricane Conditions with Applications to Kinetic Umbrellas against Storm Surge Inundation

Wang¹,

Garlock²,

Glišić³

2021

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This paper presents a simplified parametric model for the estimation of depth-limited hurricane wave spectra, accounting for swell and wind-sea components, for coastal engineering applications. The model was evaluated against observations obtained from three shallow water sites in Florida during Hurricane David in September 1979. It was revealed that the parametric approach increases in accuracy with decreasing distance to the storm center and generally provides a conservative representation of the significant wave height, albeit overestimating the peak wave frequency. The model was subsequently adopted to evaluate the performance of tilted hyperbolic paraboloidal (hypar) shells (referred to as “kinetic umbrellas”) as an adaptable alternative to conventional floodwalls via smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH). The introduction of hypar geometry proved superior to conventional sloped barriers in reducing overtopping waves but decreases in effectiveness at levels of inundation greater than two-thirds the deployed height. Furthermore, umbrellas exhibiting larger geometrical warping were more capable at suppressing overtopping but must sustain larger base shear forces when subjected to irregular waves consistent with landfalling hurricanes.

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Smooth Poly-hypar Surface Structures: Freeform Shells Based on Combinations of Hyperbolic Paraboloids

2022

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Structural evaluation of Félix Candela’s 8-sided hyperbolic paraboloidal umbrellas

Cited by 9 publications

References 10 publications

Feasibility of Kinetic Umbrellas as Deployable Flood Barriers during Landfalling Hurricanes

Feasibility of Kinetic Umbrellas as Deployable Flood Barriers during Landfalling Hurricanes

Parametric Modeling of Depth-Limited Wave Spectra under Hurricane Conditions with Applications to Kinetic Umbrellas against Storm Surge Inundation

Smooth Poly-hypar Surface Structures: Freeform Shells Based on Combinations of Hyperbolic Paraboloids

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