Structural Evaluation of Flexible Pavement Constructed with Steel Slag–Fly Ash–Lime Mix in the Base Layer

Pai, R. R.; Bakare, M. D.; Patel, Sankita J.; Shahu, J. T.

doi:10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0003711

Cited by 30 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The combination of fly ash and SS can not only obtain better environmental benefits but also inhibit the expansion of SS. The use of fly ash as a stabilizer for SS base has been widely studied, as in LFSS [59], lime-fly ash stabilized steel slag and crushed stone [71], fly ash-steel slag soil [72], and fly ash-steel slag-phosphogypsum [73]. Due to a relative scarcity of studies on other types, this paper mainly focuses on LFSS with 100% SS as aggregate.…”

Section: Lime-fly Ash Stabilized Steel Slag (Lfss)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lime and fly ash as fillers must also maintain a certain proportion to ensure the long-term strength and durability of the LFSS mixture. The increase of the mixture's compressive strength mainly depends on the pozzolanic reaction of lime and fly ash [59]. With the increase of aggregate proportion, UCS values continue to improve.…”

Section: Ucs Of Lfssmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the increase of aggregate proportion, UCS values continue to improve. Pai, et al [59] found that when the binder-to-aggregate ratio increased from 1:4 to 1:2.5, the UCS decreased by 20% (7d) and 19% (14d), respectively. Because the pozzolanic reaction is slow, the increase of curing time can significantly improve UCS value [59].…”

Section: Ucs Of Lfssmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pai, et al [59] found that when the binder-to-aggregate ratio increased from 1:4 to 1:2.5, the UCS decreased by 20% (7d) and 19% (14d), respectively. Because the pozzolanic reaction is slow, the increase of curing time can significantly improve UCS value [59]. When the binder-to-aggregate ratio is 1:3, the UCS of 14d and 28d was 64% and 83% higher than that of 7d.…”

Section: Ucs Of Lfssmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Utilization of Steel Slag in Road Semi-Rigid Base: A Review

Cui

Cai³

et al. 2022

Coatings

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Steel slag (SS) is industrial waste, and there is a large amount of SS to be treated in China. Its disposal generates severe environmental pollution. One of the best ways to use SS is as a road base material. This paper reviews the possibility of using SS in semi-rigid base and evaluates the performance of SS base course. The interaction between three stabilizers (cement, lime–fly ash, and cement–fly ash) and SS is analyzed, and the influence of modifier content on the performance of base course is evaluated. The potential laws between SS, curing time, and unconfined compressive strength, as well as drying shrinkage and temperature shrinkage, are discussed and their effects on the performance of the base course are revealed. The finite element method, discrete element method, and molecular dynamics can be used to analyze the freeze-thaw, rutting resistance, and crack development of SS base. In addition, compared with traditional macadam base, the CO2 emissions for the use of SS base are slightly more, one of the disadvantages of its use in production, transportation, and compaction. However, considering the overall mechanical, economic, and environmental benefits, it is recommended to use SS in semi-rigid base course. The future research scope of SS as base material is suggested.

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Section: Lime-fly Ash Stabilized Steel Slag (Lfss)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ucs Of Lfssmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ucs Of Lfssmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ucs Of Lfssmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Utilization of Steel Slag in Road Semi-Rigid Base: A Review

Cui

Cai³

et al. 2022

Coatings

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“…The iron oxide in tailings cannot be effectively separated by magnetic separation, so that most of the tailing is only used in low value‐added industries, such as building materials, road materials, and fertilizer for agriculture purposes. [ 5–8 ] The iron oxide is not fully utilized, resulting in a waste of iron resources. Therefore, it is necessary to recover iron oxide in the tailings, which is conducive to the construction of a resource‐saving and eco‐friendly steel industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Oxidation Behavior of Industrial Basic Oxygen Furnace Slag and Recovery of Magnetic Iron‐Containing Phase

Lan

et al. 2021

steel research int.

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The BOF slag contains a lot of iron‐containing species and its efficient recovery is a difficult problem in metallurgy. Herein, the oxidation behavior of industrial BOF slag under air atmosphere is investigated to explore the optimal oxidation conditions for transforming nonmagnetic FeO into magnetic MgFe2O4, including oxidation temperature, oxidation time, and airflow rate. The raw slag and oxidized slags are analyzed using chemical analysis, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, scanning electron microscope (SEM)‐energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis, and Factsage thermodynamic simulation. The results show that the formation of MgFe2O4 phase is closely related to the oxidation temperature, oxidation time, and airflow rate. With the increase in temperature, the conversion rate of MgFe2O4 increases, and reaches the maximum at 1050 °C. However, the conversion rate of MgFe2O4 decreases and part of β‐C2S is converted to α‐C2S above 1050 °C. When the oxidation time and airflow rate increase, the conversion rate of MgFe2O4 increases and reaches the maximum value at 100 min and 1.25 L min−1, respectively. Correspondingly, the grade increased from 16.3% of the raw slag to 27.86% of the magnetic slag, an increase of 11.5%. This is a more convenient and effective method, which can not only bring economic benefits for relevant enterprises but also reduce environmental pollution.

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Resilient Response of Mechanical Cement-Stabilized Laterite Gravel

Pai

2024

Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering

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Structural Evaluation of Flexible Pavement Constructed with Steel Slag–Fly Ash–Lime Mix in the Base Layer

Cited by 30 publications

References 21 publications

Utilization of Steel Slag in Road Semi-Rigid Base: A Review

Utilization of Steel Slag in Road Semi-Rigid Base: A Review

Study on Oxidation Behavior of Industrial Basic Oxygen Furnace Slag and Recovery of Magnetic Iron‐Containing Phase

Resilient Response of Mechanical Cement-Stabilized Laterite Gravel

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