Structural Evaluation of the Effect of Pulverized Palm Kernel Shell (PPKS) on Cement-Modified Lateritic Soil Sample

Olutaiwo, Adewale; Segun, Ajisafe; Ariyo, Adanikin

doi:10.11648/j.ajce.20170504.12

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…e constant decrease in MDD after 2% addition of the stabilizers is owing to the effects of coating the shale sample with PKSA and PPKS, which consequently increases the voids and density, as confirmed by Ako and Yusuf [16]. It was also possible due to the low specific gravity of PKSA and PPKS of 1.19 and 1.22, respectively, which may have substituted the high absorption rate of the soil and the addition of finer particles, which requires more water to hydrate [29,30]. e corresponding increase in OMC could be a result of an increase in the surface area of particles caused by an increase in the volume of PKSA and PPKS content in the mixture, which required more water to lubricate the entire mix matrix to enhance compaction, due to hydration reactions of the matrix as explained by Ako and Yusuf [16].…”

Section: Compaction Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Impacts of Addition of Palm Kernel Shells Content on Mechanical Properties of Compacted Shale Used as an Alternative Landfill Liners

Amagu

Enya

Kodama

et al. 2022

Advances in Civil Engineering

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The design of landfill liners of waste disposal to reduce migration of leachate containment, low swelling, and shrinkage and ensure sufficient shear strength to resist bearing capacity and instability of the landfill has been a major challenging task to landfill engineers. Over the last decade, there has been an increase in research on the stability of substitute materials as liners that are environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and socially beneficial due to the growing cost of traditional landfill liners. In this regard, geotechnical tests were conducted on shale samples treated with 0–12% (increment of 2%) of palm kernel shell ash (PKSA) and pulverized palm kernel shell (PPKS) to evaluate their suitability as alternative landfill liners using West African Standard (WAS) and Modified AASHTO Standard (MAS) for compactive energy. The shale has more percentage of finer fractions, thus classified as poorly graded soil (A-7-5). The Atterberg limit tests show that liquid and plastic limits decrease with an increase in plasticity index as the percentage of addition of PKSA and PPKS content increases. The results also established that the maximum dry density (MDD), volumetric shrinkage strain (VSS), and hydraulic conductivity significantly decrease, while the optimum moisture content (OMC) increases as the content of PKSA and PPKS increases at both compactive efforts. The maximum strengths of 380.30 and 448.70 kPa were obtained at 4% of both stabilizers. From the results, it can therefore be concluded that the treated compacted shale meets the condition of the suitability of landfill liners. Furthermore, with the use of industrial and agricultural wastes such as palm kernel shells as replacement materials with natural soils used as liners, significant social, economic, and environmental impact of landfills and reduction in wastes can be achieved. The research results can provide a reference for similar conditions of landfill liners worldwide.

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Section: Compaction Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Impacts of Addition of Palm Kernel Shells Content on Mechanical Properties of Compacted Shale Used as an Alternative Landfill Liners

Amagu

Enya

Kodama

et al. 2022

Advances in Civil Engineering

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“…The separation of palm kernel and shell mixture has remained a major problem militating against high production of palm kernel oil to meet industrial demand [2,3]. Many small and medium scale processors in southern and eastern Nigeria are still contending with the problem of how to crack their palm nuts and separate the shells from the kernels easily, efficiently, and quickly.…”

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confidence: 99%

Wet Separation of Palm Kernel and Shell Mixture Using Laterite and Anthill Slurry.

Gold,

Onyia,

Okunwaye

et al. 2023

JCSN

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Palm kernel, one of the end products of oil palm fruits processing is recovered by cracking of the palm nuts which is first dried to aid efficient kernel recovery. The possibility of separating oil palm kernel and shell mixture using media other than kaolin in wet separation was investigated in this study. The separation efficiency of laterite was compared with that of anthill. The effect of media type, pH, specific gravity, slurry viscosity on the efficiency of separation were investigated. The media/water percentages of 0, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75 and 80% w/v were prepared in bowls for each media at a time and used to separate the cracked nut (palm kernel and shell mixture). The soil particle size distribution showed that laterite contains 40.3% clay while anthill contains 20.3%. The laterite and anthill slurry shows that the specific gravity and the viscosity increases with increase in media percentage while the pH decreases. Optimum kernel recovery percentages (%Kr) of 99.3 and 99.6% was observed at 30 and 35% ratio respectively for laterite and %Kr of 98.9 and 98.4% at 45 and 50% ratio for the anthill slurry. Among the media used, laterite was found to be comparable to clay at a medium-to-water percentages of 30 and 35% giving optimum efficiency. Thus, it is recommended laterite can be used for wet separation when compared to anthill.

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Improving the soil properties of Al-Nahrawan landfill by adding natural material (Bdk)

Ibraheem,

Hussain,

Al-Bakri

2024

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Structural Evaluation of the Effect of Pulverized Palm Kernel Shell (PPKS) on Cement-Modified Lateritic Soil Sample

Cited by 3 publications

References 6 publications

Impacts of Addition of Palm Kernel Shells Content on Mechanical Properties of Compacted Shale Used as an Alternative Landfill Liners

Impacts of Addition of Palm Kernel Shells Content on Mechanical Properties of Compacted Shale Used as an Alternative Landfill Liners

Wet Separation of Palm Kernel and Shell Mixture Using Laterite and Anthill Slurry.

Improving the soil properties of Al-Nahrawan landfill by adding natural material (Bdk)

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