Structural Evolution of Octyltriethoxysilane Films on Glass Surfaces during Annealing at Elevated Temperature

Sun, Changchun; Aston, D. Eric; Berg, John C.

doi:10.1006/jcis.2001.8181

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Domains similar to those of Figure 3(B) have been reported for films of OTE (Sun et al ., 2002) where they appeared to be induced by annealing. Although the OTE film domains (Sun et al ., 2002) were similar in size to those measured here, their surface number density was higher and their interdomain spacing was less regular than the domains we found for the dilute vapor-phase deposited films. Figure 3 indicates that the APTES films prepared by vapor-phase deposition methods had a domain height of 5-10 nm, whereas the domain height was 2 nm for the aqueous-phase deposition method and 50 nm for the organic-phase deposition method.…”

Section: Atomic Force Microscopy Images Of Aptes Filmssupporting

confidence: 64%

Morphology and Amine Accessibility of (3‐Aminopropyl) Triethoxysilane Films on Glass Surfaces

Wang

Vaughn

2008

Scanning

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3-Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) is commonly used to functionalize glass substrates because it can form an amine-reactive film that is tightly attached to the surface. In this study, we investigated the morphology and chemical reactivity of APTES films prepared on glass substrates using common deposition techniques. Films were prepared using concentrated vapor-phase deposition, dilute vapor-phase deposition, anhydrous organic-phase deposition and aqueous-phase deposition. All films were annealed, or cured, at 150 degrees C. The morphology of the films was quantified by fluorescence and by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The optical equivalent of the AFM images was computed and then used to directly compare optical and AFM images. Reactive amine density was determined by a picric acid assay and by a method that employed N-succinimidyl 3-[2-pyridyldithio]-propionamido (SPDP) cross-linked rhodamine. Fluorescence and AFM images showed that silane films prepared from dilute vapor-phase and aqueous-phase deposition were more uniform and had fewer domains than those deposited by the other methods. The ratio of picric acid-accessible amino groups to SPDP cross-linked rhodamine-accessible groups varied with the preparation method, suggesting reactant size-dependent difference in amine accessibility. We found a larger number of accessible amino groups on films prepared by vapor-phase deposition than on those prepared from solution deposition. The dilute vapor-phase deposition technique produced relatively few domains, and it should be a good choice for bioconjugation applications. There were appreciable differences in the films produced by each method. We suggest that these differences originate from differences in film rearrangement during annealing.

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Section: Atomic Force Microscopy Images Of Aptes Filmssupporting

confidence: 64%

Morphology and Amine Accessibility of (3‐Aminopropyl) Triethoxysilane Films on Glass Surfaces

Wang

Vaughn

2008

Scanning

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“…Sun et al [1226] found that annealing of octyltriethoxysilane films on glass at elevated temperature lead to breakup of films and formation of islands but coverage of the glass surfaces was still observed between islands according to stiffness and adhesion data. Morton et al [1227] found shallow depressions in the surface of caramel with 1-10 mm in diameter that exhibited higher adhesion to the silicon AFM probe and a lower stiffness than the surrounding sample.…”

Section: Pulsed Force Mode Atomic Force Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Force measurements with the atomic force microscope: Technique, interpretation and applications

Butt

Cappella

Kappl

2005

Surface Science Reports

3,245

2,949

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“…The thickness of organosilane coated on the surface is estimated to be¿tens of nanometer (Sun et al, 2002). Figure 1 shows the microscopic images of glass beads before and after silanization.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capillary Induced Small-Strain Stiffness for Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Granular Materials: Experimental and Numerical Studies

Truong

Lee

Dong

et al. 2011

Soils and Foundations

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The negative pore-water pressure in unsaturated soils increases the inter-particle force and small-strain stiŠness, though this concept is only valid in wettable soils. The non-wetting nature of soils originating from the organic contamination of geoenvironments and natural hazards causes unexpected geo-events such as impermeation of water and hillslope runoŠ due to the changes in soil wettability. This study presents an experimental and numerical investigation to understand the evolution of capillary force and pressure for unsaturated soils whose surface wettability is wettable (hydrophilic) and water-repellent (hydrophobic). Hydrophobic granular materials are synthesized by the silanization technique with 0.5 mm diameter glass beads. The small-strain shear stiŠness and corresponding degree of saturation are continuously monitored during evaporation for both specimens. The peak value of maximum shear stiŠness is captured at a degree of saturation S¿5.5z for hydrophilic specimen, while the hydrophobic specimen shows a quasiconstant small-strain stiŠness during evaporation. The minimization of free energy for the liquid bridge between the two-particle system allows the attractive and repulsive capillary force and pressure produced between particles to be numerically estimated. The regime of zero-capillary pressure is identiˆed depending on the contact angle and volume of liquid bridge. The measurement of small-strain stiŠness combined with the numerical simulation of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic specimens clariˆes the governing factors to determine capillarity in the granular materials and provides insight into the phenomenological observation of capillary pressure for unsaturated soils.

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Structural Evolution of Octyltriethoxysilane Films on Glass Surfaces during Annealing at Elevated Temperature

Cited by 13 publications

References 30 publications

Morphology and Amine Accessibility of (3‐Aminopropyl) Triethoxysilane Films on Glass Surfaces

Morphology and Amine Accessibility of (3‐Aminopropyl) Triethoxysilane Films on Glass Surfaces

Force measurements with the atomic force microscope: Technique, interpretation and applications

Capillary Induced Small-Strain Stiffness for Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Granular Materials: Experimental and Numerical Studies

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