Structural foundations of potassium selectivity in channelrhodopsins

Govorunova, Elena G.; Sineshchekov, Oleg A.; Brown, Leonid S.; Bondar, Ana‐Nicoleta; Spudich, John L.

doi:10.1101/2022.09.26.509509

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Rhodopsins are also common in a wide range of marine giant viruses (Yutin and Koonin, 2012;Needham et al, 2019;Rozenberg et al, 2020). Rhodopsins are light-driven ion pumps that can be involved in energy production and signal transduction (Ernst et al, 2014;Govorunova et al, 2017). Viral rhodopsins may permit viruses to modify host phototaxis during infection, which may promote their proliferation (Gallot-Lavallée and Archibald, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and genomics of giant viruses in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre

Farzad

Ha²,

Aylward³

2022

Front. Microbiol.

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Large double-stranded DNA viruses of the phylum Nucleocytoviricota, often referred to as “giant viruses,” are ubiquitous members of marine ecosystems that are important agents of mortality for eukaryotic plankton. Although giant viruses are known to be prevalent in marine systems, their activities in oligotrophic ocean waters remain unclear. Oligotrophic gyres constitute the majority of the ocean and assessing viral activities in these regions is therefore critical for understanding overall marine microbial processes. In this study, we generated 11 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) of giant viruses from samples previously collected from Station ALOHA in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that they belong to the orders Imitervirales (n = 6), Algavirales (n = 4), and Pimascovirales (n = 1). Genome sizes ranged from ~119–574 kbp, and several of the genomes encoded predicted TCA cycle components, cytoskeletal proteins, collagen, rhodopsins, and proteins potentially involved in other cellular processes. Comparison with other marine metagenomes revealed that several have broad distribution across ocean basins and represent abundant viral constituents of pelagic surface waters. Our work sheds light on the diversity of giant viruses present in oligotrophic ocean waters across the globe.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and genomics of giant viruses in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre

Farzad

Ha²,

Aylward³

2022

Front. Microbiol.

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“…Light-responsive proteins are a class of proteins commonly found in nature that can perform specific functions in response to stimulation by specific light wavelengths. For instance, they can mediate ion transmembrane transport, gene expression, and cell signal transduction (Govorunova et al, 2017a;Duan et al, 2022). Through genetic engineering optimization of optogenetics, a series of optogenetic tool proteins have been successfully developed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications and challenges of rhodopsin-based optogenetics in biomedicine

et al. 2022

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Optogenetics is an emerging bioengineering technology that has been rapidly developed in recent years by cross-integrating optics, genetic engineering, electrophysiology, software control, and other disciplines. Since the first demonstration of the millisecond neuromodulation ability of the channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2), the application of optogenetic technology in basic life science research has been rapidly progressed, especially in neurobiology, which has driven the development of the discipline. As the optogenetic tool protein, microbial rhodopsins have been continuously explored, modified, and optimized, with many variants becoming available, with structural characteristics and functions that are highly diversified. Their applicability has been broadened, encouraging more researchers and clinicians to utilize optogenetics technology in research. In this review, we summarize the species and variant types of the most important class of tool proteins in optogenetic techniques, the microbial rhodopsins, and review the current applications of optogenetics based on rhodopsin qualitative light in biology and other fields. We also review the challenges facing this technology, to ultimately provide an in-depth technical reference to support the application of optogenetics in translational and clinical research.

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Potassium-selective channelrhodopsins

2023

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Since their discovery 21 years ago, channelrhodopsins have come of age and have become indispensable tools for optogenetic control of excitable cells such as neurons and myocytes. Potential therapeutic utility of channelrhodopsins has been proven by partial vision restoration in a human patient. Previously known channelrhodopsins are either proton channels, non-selective cation channels almost equally permeable to Na + and K + besides protons, or anion channels. Two years ago, we discovered a group of channelrhodopsins that exhibit over an order of magnitude higher selectivity for K + than for Na + . These proteins, known as "kalium channelrhodopsins" or KCRs, lack the canonical tetrameric selectivity filter found in voltage-and ligand-gated K + channels, and use a unique selectivity mechanism intrinsic to their individual protomers. Mutant analysis has revealed that the key residues responsible for K + selectivity in KCRs are located at both ends of the putative cation conduction pathway, and their role has been confirmed by high-resolution KCR structures. Expression of KCRs in mouse neurons and human cardiomyocytes enabled optical inhibition of these cells' electrical activity. In this minireview we briefly discuss major results of KCR research obtained during the last two years and suggest some directions of future research.

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Structural foundations of potassium selectivity in channelrhodopsins

Cited by 3 publications

References 71 publications

Diversity and genomics of giant viruses in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre

Diversity and genomics of giant viruses in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre

Applications and challenges of rhodopsin-based optogenetics in biomedicine

Potassium-selective channelrhodopsins

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