Structural geology of the Baraboo District

Marshak, Stephen; Wilkerson, M. Scott; DeFrates, Joshua

doi:10.1130/2016.0043(02)

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 22 publications

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“…The interpretations from stage 2 are used to guide collection of dip and strike measurements in the third stage of the workflow. The orientations of the truncation surfaces mapped are plotted in the inset stereonet and rose diagram (Marshak & Mitra, 1988) in Figure 17 (ii and iii). These data show a predominantly southwest dip in M1 averaging 8°-193° and a spread in dip directions between the southeast and west.…”

Section: The Benefit Of 3d Data Representations For Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Three‐Dimensional Data Preparation and Immersive Mission‐Spanning Visualization and Analysis of Mars 2020 Mastcam‐Z Stereo Image Sequences

Paar

Ortner

Tate

et al. 2023

Earth and Space Science

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The Mars 2020 Mastcam-Z stereo camera investigation enables the generation of three dimension (3D) data products needed to visualize and analyze rocks, outcrops, and other geological and aeolian features. The Planetary Robotics Vision Processing framework "PRoViP" as well as the Instrument Data System on a tactical-sol-by-sol-timeframe generate 3D vision products, such as panoramas, distance maps, and textured meshes. Structure-from-motion used by the Advanced Science Targeting Toolkit for Robotic Operations (ASTTRO) "Landform" tool and long baseline stereo pipelines add to the 3D vision products' suite on various scales. Data fusion with textured meshes from satellite imagery and 3D data analysis and interpretation of the resulting large 3D data sets is realized by visualization assets like the Planetary Robotics Vision 3D Viewer PRo3D, the 3D Geographical Information System GIS CAMP (Campaign Analysis Mapping and Planning tool), the ASTTRO 3D data presentation and targeting tool, and the Mastcam-Z planning tool Viewpoint. The pipelines' workflows and the user-oriented features of the visualization assets, shared across the Mars 2020 mission, are reported. The individual role and interplay, complements and synergies of the individual frameworks are explained. Emphasis is laid on publicly available 3D vision data products and tools. A representative set of scientific use cases from planetary geology, aeolian activity, soil analysis and impact science illustrates the scientific workflow, and public data deployment modes are briefly outlined, demonstrating that 3D vision processing and visualization is an essential mission-wide asset to solve important planetary science questions such as prevailing wind direction, soil composition, or geologic origin.Plain Language Summary Image processing enables to describe the surface of Mars in three dimension (3D) using the Mastcam-Z stereo cameras' images. The 3D reconstruction of the rocks, geological outcrops, as well as aeolian and mineralogical features, are crucial for understanding the planet's past. Image processing tools to reconstruct the surface of Mars from the images are available to the Mars 2020 Team, generating 3D data products with various information about the surface on Mars like elevation maps or distance maps that record the 3D coordinates of each point. To interpret these products, tools needed for their visualization and analysis are presented here. In a combination with data from other sensors or sourcesincluding 3D models obtained from satellite, and at different scales the interpretation of the processed products is enhanced. The reader learns about the synergies and interplay between these tools, including publicly available tools. Demonstrative planetary science examples, processed by the Mastcam-Z science team with the above mentioned tools, are presented. Geological features, such as wind activity, soil analysis, and impact science, are analyzed, illustrating the scientific work carried out and in particular the benefit of 3D vision processing and...

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Section: The Benefit Of 3d Data Representations For Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Three‐Dimensional Data Preparation and Immersive Mission‐Spanning Visualization and Analysis of Mars 2020 Mastcam‐Z Stereo Image Sequences

Paar

Ortner

Tate

et al. 2023

Earth and Space Science

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Rheological information determined from cleavage refraction in naturally deformed interlayered quartzites and phyllites

Czeck

Traut

Hudleston

2019

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Cleavage refraction angles are used to estimate effective viscosity contrasts between interlayered quartzites and phyllites within the Baraboo Syncline, Wisconsin, USA. Both types of layers contain two major phases, quartz and pyrophyllite, with minor amounts of hematite. Quartz (with minor hematite) behaves as the strong phase and pyrophyllite acts as the weak phase. Cleavage refraction directly relates to mineralogy with a linear relationship between bedding/cleavage angle and strong-phase concentration. Mineralogy exerts first-order control over effective viscosity contrasts, which are generally small, in most cases <10. Effective viscosity contrasts are consistent across the fold, so are likely not to be highly strain dependent and indicate approximate linear viscous rheology. Microstructures suggest deformation was dominated by dislocation creep in layers with high quartz concentrations and diffusive mass transfer in layers with lower quartz concentrations, and that the transition of the deformation mechanism is gradual. Thus, the rheological flow laws at the small scale may not reflect the bulk flow law at the large scale over the span of the deformation. Effective viscosity contrasts allow an evaluation of samples compared to theoretical two-phase mixtures. The analysed samples most closely resemble the Reuss bound of two-phase mixtures, regardless of the mineralogy.

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Structural geology of the Baraboo District

Cited by 2 publications

References 22 publications

Three‐Dimensional Data Preparation and Immersive Mission‐Spanning Visualization and Analysis of Mars 2020 Mastcam‐Z Stereo Image Sequences

Three‐Dimensional Data Preparation and Immersive Mission‐Spanning Visualization and Analysis of Mars 2020 Mastcam‐Z Stereo Image Sequences

Rheological information determined from cleavage refraction in naturally deformed interlayered quartzites and phyllites

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