Structural Health Monitoring With Piezoelectric Wafer Active Sensors Exposed to Irradiation Effects

Lin, Bin; Grésil, Matthieu; Giurgiutiu, Victor; Mendez-Torres, A.

doi:10.1115/pvp2012-78848

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This emphasizes the importance of achieving the proper design of the adhesive bond between the PWAS and the structure, and of using protective coating to minimize the ingression of adverse agents. Our preliminary work on the effects of nuclear radiation on PWAS exposed to irradiation effects published in 2012 [12] . We have discovered that the short term irradiation affected the capacitance and the electromechanical impedance of PWAS.…”

Section: Guided Wave Model With Nuclear Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing a structural health monitoring system for nuclear dry cask storage canister

et al. 2015

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Interim storage of spent nuclear fuel from reactor sites has gained additional importance and urgency for resolving waste-management-related technical issues. In total, there are over 1482 dry cask storage system (DCSS) in use at US plants, storing 57,807 fuel assemblies. Nondestructive material condition monitoring is in urgent need and must be integrated into the fuel cycle to quantify the "state of health", and more importantly, to guarantee the safe operation of radioactive waste storage systems (RWSS) during their extended usage period. A state-of-the-art nuclear structural health monitoring (N-SHM) system based on in-situ sensing technologies that monitor material degradation and aging for nuclear spent fuel DCSS and similar structures is being developed. The N-SHM technology uses permanently installed low-profile piezoelectric wafer sensors to perform long-term health monitoring by strategically using a combined impedance (EMIS), acoustic emission (AE), and guided ultrasonic wave (GUW) approach, called "multimode sensing", which is conducted by the same network of installed sensors activated in a variety of ways. The system will detect AE events resulting from crack (case for study in this project) and evaluate the damage evolution; when significant AE is detected, the sensor network will switch to the GUW mode to perform damage localization, and quantification as well as probe "hot spots" that are prone to damage for material degradation evaluation using EMIS approach. The N-SHM is expected to eventually provide a systematic methodology for assessing and monitoring nuclear waste storage systems without incurring human radiation exposure.

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Section: Guided Wave Model With Nuclear Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing a structural health monitoring system for nuclear dry cask storage canister

et al. 2015

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“…One could use other alloys, but the effects of radiation are seen in many metals, even those specifically made for use in nuclear reactors. Although the materials have been investigated in radiation environment, and EMIS measurements taken, explanation of the mechanisms that cause the changes in impedance frequency PWAS are not reported [24]. It would be beneficial to perform EMIS in an irradiated environment and determine the effects on the impedance signature.…”

Section: Electro-mechanical Impedance Spectroscopy In An Irradiated Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Electro-Mechanical Impedance Measurements in an Imitated Low Earth Orbit Radiation Environment

Anderson

Daniel²,

Zagrai

et al. 2016

Volume 9: Mechanics of Solids, Structures and Fluids; NDE, Diagnosis, and Prognosis

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Piezoelectric sensors are used in many structural health monitoring (SHM) methods to interrogate the condition of the structure to which the sensors are affixed or imbedded. Among SHM methods utilizing thin wafer piezoelectric sensors (PWAS), electro-mechanical impedance monitoring is seen as a promising approach to assess structural condition in the vicinity of a sensor. Using the converse and direct piezoelectric effects, this health monitoring method utilizes mechanical actuation and electric voltage to determine the impedance signature of the structure. If there is damage to the structure, there will be a change in the impedance signature. It is important to discern between actual damage and environmental effects on the piezoelectric ceramic sensors and the structure. If structural health monitoring is to be implemented in space structures on orbit, it is imperative to determine the effects of the extreme space environment on piezoelectric sensors and the structures to which they are affixed. The space environment comprises extreme temperatures, vacuum, atomic oxygen, microgravity, micro-meteoroids and debris, and significant amounts of radiation. Radiation in space comes from three sources: solar events, background cosmic radiation, and trapped particles in the Van Allen Belts. Radiation exposure to structures on orbit will vary significantly depending on the duration of the flight and the altitude and inclination of the orbit. In this contribution, the effect of gamma radiation on piezoelectric ceramic sensors and space grade aluminum is investigated for equivalent gamma radiation exposure to 3-months, six-months, and 1-year on Low Earth Orbit (LEO). An experiment was conducted at White Sands Missile Range, Gamma Radiation Facility using Cobalt-60 as the source of radiation. A free PWAS and a PWAS bonded to a small aluminum beam were exposed to increasing levels of gamma radiation. Impedance data were collected for both sensors after each radiation exposure. The total radiation absorbed dose was 200 kRad (Si) by the end of the experiment. The results show that piezoelectric ceramic material is affected by gamma radiation. Over the course of increasing exposure levels to Cobalt-60, the impedance frequency of the free sensor increased with each absorbed dose. The impedance measurements of the sensor bonded to the aluminum beam reflects structural and sensor’s impedance. The data for this sensor show an increase in impedance amplitude with each level of absorbed dose. The mechanism at work in these impedance changes is suggested and future experimental work is identified. A survey of previous results of radiation exposure of piezoelectric ceramic sensors and aluminum alloys is presented and are compared to previous studies.

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“…The study on PWAS that exposed to radiation was performed in our previous research. The PWAS irradiation study not only provides the fundamental understanding of the PWAS irradiation survivability but also tests the potential of PWAS as irradiation sensors for nuclear applications [7]. A combined modeling and experimental study on assessing nuclear effects on the PWAS acousto-ultrasonic system to identify and quantify the possible influences of the nuclear environment typical of DCSS (temperature and radiation) was used to develop adequate solutions and guidelines accordingly [8], [9].…”

Section: Dry Cask Storage System Safety Assessment Needmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature Effect on Fiber Optical Sensors for Dry Cast Storage Health Monitoring

Lin

Giurgiutiu

2015

Volume 6A: Materials and Fabrication

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The increasing number, size, and complexity of nuclear facilities deployed worldwide are increasing the need to maintain readiness and develop innovative sensing materials to monitor important to safety structures (ITS). Assessing and supporting next generation nuclear materials management and safeguards for future U.S. fuel cycles with minimum human intervention is of paramount importance. Technologies for the diagnosis and prognosis of a nuclear system, such as dry cast storage system (DCSS), can improve verification of the health of the structure that can eventually reduce the likelihood of inadvertently failure of a component. In the past decades, an extensive sensor technology development has been used for structural health monitoring (SHM). Fiber optical sensors have emerged as one of the major SHM technologies developed particularly for temperature and strain measurements. However, the fiber optical sensors and sensing system has not been developed with adequate solutions and guideline for DCSS applications. This paper presents an experimental study of temperature effect on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors. The reflective spectrum of FBG sensors on the structure was measured with a tunable laser source. The shift of FBG reflective spectrum reflected the thermal expansion on the structure. The shift of the spectrum due to the temperature effect was correlated to the temperature changes. In addition, the FBG sensing methodology including high frequency guided ultrasonic waves (GUW) under different temperatures were also performed to check the performance of high frequency, small strain sensing. The potential of FBG sensors for DCSS applications was explored. The paper ends with conclusions and suggestions for further work.

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Structural Health Monitoring With Piezoelectric Wafer Active Sensors Exposed to Irradiation Effects

Cited by 14 publications

References 9 publications

Developing a structural health monitoring system for nuclear dry cask storage canister

Developing a structural health monitoring system for nuclear dry cask storage canister

Electro-Mechanical Impedance Measurements in an Imitated Low Earth Orbit Radiation Environment

Temperature Effect on Fiber Optical Sensors for Dry Cast Storage Health Monitoring

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