Structural impact of Zn-insertion into monoclinic V2(PO4)3: implications for Zn-ion batteries

Park, Min Je; Asl, Hooman Yaghoobnejad; Manthiram, Arumugam

doi:10.1039/c9ta00716d

Cited by 31 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…However, most studies suggest that intercalating multivalent-ions (including Zn 2+ ) into the host structure is difficult when compared to Li + because of the high charge-to-size ratio of the multivalent-ions. − The higher charge-to-size ratio of a multivalent-ion strongly polarizes the host structure and limits its diffusivity inside the host structure . Further, multivalent cations can also induce a heavy structural distortion causing the host structure to collapse as demonstrated by Park et al Hence, crystal structures with open frameworks which can both minimize the high electrostatic repulsion and buffer the steric destabilization are promising. ,− …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Layered VOPO₄ as a Cathode Material for Rechargeable Zinc-Ion Battery: Effect of Polypyrrole Intercalation in the Host and Water Concentration in the Electrolyte

Verma

Kumar

Manalastas

et al. 2019

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

111

113

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Rechargeable zinc-ion batteries (RZIB) present an interesting alternative to rechargeable Li-ion batteries. Among the active materials, layered vanadium-based oxides show a poor cell voltage but modifying this structure by attaching a phosphate group to the vanadium redox center can drastically enhance the cathode voltage. With this layered VOPO4 material, we demonstrate that preintercalating polypyrrole between crystallographic layers and using electrolyte with controlled water amounts are two absolutely essential conditions for easy and reversible Zn2+ (de)intercalation, thus vastly improving battery outputs and long-term capacity retention. We establish that the rational design of open-layered structures hinges imperatively on factors like host structural integrity and electrode–electrolyte compatibility in delivering the performance of multivalent-ion batteries.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Layered VOPO₄ as a Cathode Material for Rechargeable Zinc-Ion Battery: Effect of Polypyrrole Intercalation in the Host and Water Concentration in the Electrolyte

Verma

Kumar

Manalastas

et al. 2019

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

111

113

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“…The properties of high-voltage cathode materials are mainly affected by the stability of the electrode, electrolyte, and its interface. The main problems include structural variation or distortion, [22,41,103] material decomposition and dissolution, [43b] poor electrical conductivity, [19,58] and slow Zn 2+ reaction kinetics, [52] declining the capacity. Several strategies have been proposed to solve these problems, including special structure/composition design, [19,23] introduction of defects, [59] optimized microstructure, [60] electrolyte additives, [67] etc.…”

Section: Summary and Future Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Voltage Zinc‐Ion Batteries: Design Strategies and Challenges

Yan

Ang

Yang

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

181

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(1 of 30)additionally, it leads to reliable and manageable energy delivery. [2] Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been the first choice for EES owing to their remarkable energy density, excellent cycle life, and small volume compared to other rechargeable batteries since they were successfully sold by SONY in 1991. [3] Nevertheless, their widespread applications have been limited due to sterile Li resources, high cost, toxic electrolytes, safety problems, and other disadvantages. [4] To date, environmentally friendly aqueous batteries using multi-valent charge carriers, such as Zn 2+ , Mg 2+ , and Al 3+ , have attracted attention because multiple electrons are involved in the redox reactions during intercalation, as well as higher capacity and energy density can be achieved. However, only a few cathode materials are available for Mg 2+ diffusion, and the passivation of Mg anode greatly restricts the further transport of Mg 2+ ions. Al battery anode also forms a protective oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) film in the aqueous electrolyte, which affects the battery performance. Hence, Mg and Al batteries are under investigation and are still a long way from practical application and commercialization. [5] ZIBs have attracted interest in grid-scale energy storage compared to other energy storage technologies owing to the following advantages: 1) ZIBs can be easily manufactured in an open-air environment, so the total cost of manufacturing ZIBs is much lower than other batteries (Li + /Na + /K + -ion) which require an inert environment for production. [6] 2) The price of Zn (0.5−1.5 $/lb) is much lower than that of Li (8−11 $/lb), and the reserves of Zn (79 ppm) are approximately four times than those of Li (17ppm). [7] 3) Zn as an anode exhibits a high theoretical volumetric (5855 mAh cm −3 ) and gravimetric capacity (820 mAh g −1 ), low electrochemical potential of −0.762 V versus the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE), and two-electron transfer during redox reaction, contributing to a high-energy density. [8] 4) ZIBs are highly safe, not only because Zn anode is non-toxic and stable in the general environment, but also because a majority of ZIBs electrolytes used are aqueous with higher ionic conductivity (10 −1 −6 S cm −1 ) than flammable and toxic organic solvents (10 −3 −10 −2 S cm −1 ). [9] Furthermore, the normal Zn salts (ZnSO 4

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“…The relative anode stability results in most of the research focusing on the cathode and electrolyte. The cathode materials can be divided into different categories; metal oxides [103][104][105][106][107][108][109], metal sulfides [110][111][112], vanadium phosphates [113][114][115], carbon [116][117][118][119][120], MoO 2 /Mo 2 N heterostructure nanobelts [121] and potassium copper hexacyanoferrate [122]. Here we focus on those papers that explain the mechanism for each material type.…”

Section: Zinc-ion Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond Lithium-Based Batteries

et al. 2020

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We discuss the latest developments in alternative battery systems based on sodium, magnesium, zinc and aluminum. In each case, we categorize the individual metals by the overarching cathode material type, focusing on the energy storage mechanism. Specifically, sodium-ion batteries are the closest in technology and chemistry to today’s lithium-ion batteries. This lowers the technology transition barrier in the short term, but their low specific capacity creates a long-term problem. The lower reactivity of magnesium makes pure Mg metal anodes much safer than alkali ones. However, these are still reactive enough to be deactivated over time. Alloying magnesium with different metals can solve this problem. Combining this with different cathodes gives good specific capacities, but with a lower voltage (<1.3 V, compared with 3.8 V for Li-ion batteries). Zinc has the lowest theoretical specific capacity, but zinc metal anodes are so stable that they can be used without alterations. This results in comparable capacities to the other materials and can be immediately used in systems where weight is not a problem. Theoretically, aluminum is the most promising alternative, with its high specific capacity thanks to its three-electron redox reaction. However, the trade-off between stability and specific capacity is a problem. After analyzing each option separately, we compare them all via a political, economic, socio-cultural and technological (PEST) analysis. The review concludes with recommendations for future applications in the mobile and stationary power sectors.

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Structural impact of Zn-insertion into monoclinic V₂(PO₄)₃: implications for Zn-ion batteries

Abstract: Detailed structural analysis reveals that Zn-insertion into V2(PO4)3 induces heavy distortion due to strong host–guest interactions.

Cited by 31 publications

References 39 publications

Layered VOPO₄ as a Cathode Material for Rechargeable Zinc-Ion Battery: Effect of Polypyrrole Intercalation in the Host and Water Concentration in the Electrolyte

Layered VOPO₄ as a Cathode Material for Rechargeable Zinc-Ion Battery: Effect of Polypyrrole Intercalation in the Host and Water Concentration in the Electrolyte

High‐Voltage Zinc‐Ion Batteries: Design Strategies and Challenges

Beyond Lithium-Based Batteries

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Structural impact of Zn-insertion into monoclinic V2(PO4)3: implications for Zn-ion batteries

Abstract: Detailed structural analysis reveals that Zn-insertion into V2(PO4)3 induces heavy distortion due to strong host–guest interactions.

Cited by 31 publications

References 39 publications

Layered VOPO4 as a Cathode Material for Rechargeable Zinc-Ion Battery: Effect of Polypyrrole Intercalation in the Host and Water Concentration in the Electrolyte

Layered VOPO4 as a Cathode Material for Rechargeable Zinc-Ion Battery: Effect of Polypyrrole Intercalation in the Host and Water Concentration in the Electrolyte

High‐Voltage Zinc‐Ion Batteries: Design Strategies and Challenges

Beyond Lithium-Based Batteries

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Structural impact of Zn-insertion into monoclinic V₂(PO₄)₃: implications for Zn-ion batteries

Layered VOPO₄ as a Cathode Material for Rechargeable Zinc-Ion Battery: Effect of Polypyrrole Intercalation in the Host and Water Concentration in the Electrolyte

Layered VOPO₄ as a Cathode Material for Rechargeable Zinc-Ion Battery: Effect of Polypyrrole Intercalation in the Host and Water Concentration in the Electrolyte