Structural, magnetic, and electrical evaluations of rare earth Gd3+ doped in mixed Co–Mn spinel ferrite nanoparticles

Yousaf, Muhammad; Nazir, Shoaib; Akbar, Muhammad; Akhtar, Majid Niaz; Noor, Asma; Hu, Enyi; Shah, M.A.K. Yousaf; Lu, Yuzheng

doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.09.136

Cited by 46 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…However, an inverse trend was observed in the present case, where surface energy [32,33], deficiency of outermost bonding of the surface atoms [34], intra-crystalline pressure created due to higher heating temperatures are a few important factors which affect the crystallite size [35]. Similar decrease in crystallite size with Gd was reported in the literature and ascribed to the relative metal oxide (M−O) distance as well as the higher bond energy between the Gd−O ions compared to the Fe−O ions [22,31,36]. In most cases of rare-Earth ion substitution, formation of secondary phase is common which was due to higher energy required to accommodate larger ions in the spinel unit cell.…”

Section: Lattice Constant and Crystallite Sizesupporting

confidence: 84%

Structural, magnetic and antibacterial studies of gadolinium doped cobalt ferrite nanoparticles synthesized at low temperature

Reddy¹,

Rao²,

Babu³

et al. 2023

Adv. Nat. Sci: Nanosci. Nanotechnol.

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In this work structural, magnetic and antimicrobial studies of gadolinium (Gd) doped cobalt ferrite nanopowder samples were synthesised through facile auto-combustion route using citric acid as combustion agent. The pristine nanopowders were sintered at 600 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR) measurements indicated the formation of a single spinel phase. The lattice constant gradually increased from 8.3801 Å to 8.3915 Å with increasing Gd concentration. The average crystallite size varied from 54 nm to 42.7 nm. The correlation between the cation distribution from XRD and the magnetic properties is discussed. The substitution of Gd ions significantly reduced the magnetisation from 60.6 to 36.6 emu g−1 and increased the coercivity. Antimicrobial activities of pure and Gd substituted cobalt ferrite are carried out against Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and also against fungi strain (Aspergillus niger) pathogens, suggesting that Gd substitution significantly improves the activity of cobalt ferrite nanopowders.

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Section: Lattice Constant and Crystallite Sizesupporting

confidence: 84%

Structural, magnetic and antibacterial studies of gadolinium doped cobalt ferrite nanoparticles synthesized at low temperature

Reddy¹,

Rao²,

Babu³

et al. 2023

Adv. Nat. Sci: Nanosci. Nanotechnol.

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“…Researchers pay close attention to studying spinel ferrites at their nanoscale dimensions because of their great surface-to-volume ratio, which causes improved attributes of those materials compared to their bulk counterparts. Due to their impressive structural, magneto-optical, and electrical possessions, transition metal ion-based spinel ferrite nanoparticles (NPs) have become a popular class of nanocrystals in recent years [1,2]. Doping ferrites with different metal ions, particularly rare Earth (RE) elements, is crucial since it has been shown to alter the crystal morphological structure of the ferrites and has a bearing on their magnetic and electrical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of erbium on structural, optical, magnetic and photocatalytic performance of Co-Mn nanoferrites

Abu-Elsaad¹,

Mazen²,

Nawara³

2022

Phys. Scr.

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The citrate method was used successfully to synthesize rare earth erbium (Er3+) doped Co-Mn nanoferrites (CME nanoferrites) with the chemical formulation Co0.5Mn0.5ErxFe2-xO4 (0.0 ≤x ≤0.1). Specimens' X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns ensured the production of a single-phase cubic spinel structure; although, a secondary phase of Er2O3 had been observed at higher Er concentration (x ≥0.06). The lattice parameter (a) rose as the Er3+ content in the lattice grew. Average crystallite size, determined by Williamson–Hall method, increased first up to x = 0.06 and then declined at higher values of x. According to FTIR analysis revealed that the spectra included two main absorption bands at ~ 600 and 400 cm-1, as well as other bands. The band gap was estimated using UV-Diffuse reflectance (DR) spectroscopy, which ranged between 1.39 and 1.48 eV. The saturation magnetization was first boosted by doping Er3+ till x=0.02, then decreased as the Er3+ ion concentration rose. Inclusion of erbium ions significantly increased the coercivity from 538 G to 569 G. Photocatalytic effectiveness of CME nanoferrites was examined by measuring Methylene Blue (MB) photocatalytic degradation (PCD) under natural sunshine. Co0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4 had the highest photocatalytic activity in natural sunlight (59 % after 270 min), followed by Co0.5Mn0.5Er0.1Fe1.9O4 (49 % after 270 min). As a result, CME nanoferrites could be considered as a suitable material for water purification.

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“…The x-ray density is higher for Sm 3+substituted samples as compared to the pure sample. The increased x-ray density of the samples may be a result of the Sm 3+ (150.36 u) and Fe 3+ (55.845 u) elements having different atomic weights [55]. Bulk density is lower for the Sm 3+ -substituted sample than for the pure sample, as the density of Sm 3+ (6.9 g cm −3 ) is less than that of Fe 3+ (7.87 g cm −3 ).…”

Section: Xrdmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…As shown in table 2, there is a progressive reduction in D TEM values compared to D XRD . According to this decrease, structural distortion caused by the replacement of smaller Fe 3+ ions with bigger Sm 3+ ions prevents the development of crystals [55,56]. Numerous factors contribute to this decline.…”

Section: Tem Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural, Magnetic, and Mössbauer Investigation of Mg-Ni-Co ferrites doped by Sm³⁺ sions

Matar,

Rabaa,

Moussa

et al. 2023

Phys. Scr.

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Samarium-doped magnesium-nickel-cobalt nanoferrites (Mg1/3 Ni1/3Co1/3)Fe2-xSmxO4, with x = 0.00, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, and 0.08, were synthesized by the coprecipitation method. X-ray diffractometer (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray photoelectric spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and magnetic measurement techniques were used, to study the structure, microstructure, and magnetic properties of the samples. The formation of the cubic spinel structure was confirmed by Rietveld analysis of the XRD data and by the appearance of the two absorption bands close to 400 cm-1 and 600 cm-1 from the FTIR spectrum. Raman spectroscopy verified the formation of the spinel phase in the samples. The elemental composition, valency, and cationic distribution were examined using X-ray photoelectric spectroscopy (XPS) measurements. Experimental findings revealed that doping with Sm3+ ions had a significant effect on the magnetic properties of nanoparticles. The saturation magnetization (Ms) and coercivity field (Hc) values fluctuate depending on the crystallite size (DXRD) of the samples from XRD analysis as the Sm3+ content increases. The magnetization dependence on the applied field was investigated at different ranges of applied fields based on the output of the statistical parameters for the curve fitted using four different forms of the law of approach to saturation. The statistical parameters and physically significant fitted parameters give information on the dependence of magnetization over various applied field regions. A thorough investigation of the output parameters from fitting into various equations reveals that the composition of Mg-Ni-Co ferrites exhibits a dependence of magnetization on the applied field. Room-temperature Mössbauer spectra displayed a mix of the magnetic sextet and central quadrupole doublet, with improvement in the magnetic sextet in the Sm-doped samples. Moreover, Mössbauer spectra at 77 K showed the demise of the quadrupole doublet in all samples and showed two sextets (tetrahedral and octahedral sites). Sm-doping reduced the values of the hyperfine magnetic field of both sextets. All Fe ions can be found in the Fe3+ state, according to the isomer shift values and there is a migration of Fe3+ ions from octahedral to tetrahedral sites upon Sm doping, which was confirmed by XPS measurements.

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Structural, magnetic, and electrical evaluations of rare earth Gd3+ doped in mixed Co–Mn spinel ferrite nanoparticles

Cited by 46 publications

References 47 publications

Structural, magnetic and antibacterial studies of gadolinium doped cobalt ferrite nanoparticles synthesized at low temperature

Structural, magnetic and antibacterial studies of gadolinium doped cobalt ferrite nanoparticles synthesized at low temperature

Impact of erbium on structural, optical, magnetic and photocatalytic performance of Co-Mn nanoferrites

Structural, Magnetic, and Mössbauer Investigation of Mg-Ni-Co ferrites doped by Sm³⁺ sions

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Structural, magnetic, and electrical evaluations of rare earth Gd3+ doped in mixed Co–Mn spinel ferrite nanoparticles

Cited by 46 publications

References 47 publications

Structural, magnetic and antibacterial studies of gadolinium doped cobalt ferrite nanoparticles synthesized at low temperature

Structural, magnetic and antibacterial studies of gadolinium doped cobalt ferrite nanoparticles synthesized at low temperature

Impact of erbium on structural, optical, magnetic and photocatalytic performance of Co-Mn nanoferrites

Structural, Magnetic, and Mössbauer Investigation of Mg-Ni-Co ferrites doped by Sm3+ sions

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Structural, Magnetic, and Mössbauer Investigation of Mg-Ni-Co ferrites doped by Sm³⁺ sions