Hyperthermia treatment
induced by magnetic mesoporous glasses has
been applied as a potential therapeutic approach for bone defects
due to malignant tumors. The objective of this study was to synthesize
and characterize the structural and biological properties of magnetic
bioactive glasses (BGs) for producing multifunctional materials. The
effect of the addition of copper (Cu) to the bioactive glass composition
was also evaluated. Fe BG and FeCu BG as magnetic mesoporous BGs,
and Cu BG as mesoporous BG were synthesized and dried by template
sol–gel method. Then the synthesized bioglasses were characterized
and analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR),
X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission
electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive electron disperse spectroscopy
(EDS), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and vibrating sample
magnetometer (VSM). In addition, the antibacterial behavior, cytotoxicity
assay (MTT test), proliferation assay of HUVEC cell assay, and bioactivity
(ALP activity test) of the synthesized BGs were evaluated. The characterization
results exhibited that the synthesized powders formed mesoporous glasses
with nanoparticle morphology, good surface area, and magnetic properties.
The synthesized BGs also demonstrated suitable biological behavior.
The magnetic saturation of bioactive glasses was increased by the
addition of copper oxide. A two-phase structure was observed for the
magnetic glasses compared to the copper-containing glasses, thus making
them suitable for drug delivery systems. The antibacterial behavior
was found to be better for the Cu BG and Fe BG compared to the FeCu
BG. However, the least amount of cytotoxicity was observed for the
Fe BG and FeCu BG, compared to the Cu BG. In addition, the Fe-containing
BGs compared with the control group showed a lack of HUVEC cell proliferation
and angiogenesis motivation. From the ALP assay, higher bioactivity
for the magnetic bioglasses in the presence of mesenchymal cells was
found. From the results of this in vitro study, the Cu-containing
magnetic bioglass (FeCu BG) could be considered as a new generation
of magnetic glasses for inducing hyperthermia in treatment of bone
defects due to malignant tumors. However, further in vitro and in
vivo studies are required to confirm their applications in healing
of bone defects and tissue engineering.
