Structural, Mechanical and Magnetic Characterization of Rare Earth Double Doped SrBi₂Nb₂O₉ lead Free Ceramics

Abstract

Lead free dielectric materials of Strontium Bismuth Niobate SrBi2Nb2O9 (SBN) and rare earth double doped SrBi1.8Pr0.1Gd0.1Nb2O9 (SBPGN), SrBi1.8Pr0.1Y0.1Nb2O9 (SBPYN), SrBi1.8Eu0.1Gd0.1Nb2O9 (SBEGN) and SrBi1.8Eu0.1Y0.1Nb2O9 (SBEYN) were prepared by two-stage solid-state reaction route. The XRD studies have confirmed the formation of single-phase orthorhombic crystal structure. The microstructural analysis showed the formation of plausible needle shaped grains in the prepared ceramics. The FTIR study was used to investigate the effect of preparation and doping processes on the band intensities of the spectra. Mechanical studies showed that SBEGN and SBEYN ceramics exhibited mild wear (<10−6 mm3 Nm−1) compared to others. The low friction coefficient values of SBPYN (0.044), SBEGN (0.058) and SBEYN (0.002) to that of SBN necessitate lattice strain in these materials. The VSM studies on the rare earth double doped SBN ceramic materials confirmed the induction and existence of magnetic order in SBPGN and SBEGN.

Hruby’s Criterion-Iron Ion-Doped Glass Material for Optical Devices and Bio Implantation

“…The specific energy rate of iron-doped glasses is significantly varying as the applied load on the sample increases. The obtained results well support the research works of [16][17][18][19][20][21][22] and also the investigating glasses has negligible wear and high friction, and thus this material can be suggested for bio implantation and optical lenses like bandpass filters 12,15 Optical Absorption Spectra Table VII and Fig. 8 revealed the absorption bands of investigating glasses doped with Fe 2 O 3 which are unsymmetrical in the visible region at 413, 417, 537, and 567 nm, and another unsymmetrical absorption peak at 789 nm in the near-infrared region.…”

“…The specific wear rate (SWR) = The coefficient of friction values for iron ion-doped glasses for the loads 10, 20 and 30 N are 0.411, 0.406, and 0.013, the coefficient friction value significantly decreasing as the loads on the sample are increasing and is due to the loss of mass in prepared glasses. 15 The specific wear rate values of investigating glass for the highest dopant are 5.07, 13.63, and 20.62 × 10 −5 mm 3 /N-m. In the present glass as the load increases specific rate also increases.…”

Samarium-modified NBT ceramics: a comprehensive exploration of cumulative effects

“…The density of the prepared ceramic samples was determined by using the Archimedes water displacement equipment (model: TTB15) [29] and identified to possess high density (95%) with induced porosity, shown in table 5. In order to gain insight into the materials's mechanical properties performed shrinkage measurements [30] on the pellets after sintering and noticed that the percentage density was to the tune of induced porosity. The studied samples' SEM micrographs and corresponding histogram distribution are shown in figure 4.…”

Multifunctional properties of gadolinium doped annealed zinc oxide nanoparticles

“…We can learn more about tribo-chemical reactions by selecting and designing chemicals and lubricants particularly for tribological components [84]. The friction coefficient obtained for annealed Gd: ZnO nanoparticles are found to be low leaving them suitable to operate in dry conditions with poor lubrication leading to good service life and less maintenance cost [85,86].…”