Structural, mechanical, and material properties of fetal cranial bone

Kriewall, Timothy J.

doi:10.1016/0002-9378(82)90119-3

Cited by 48 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…42 All pediatricians and neonatologists are familiar with the dolicocephalic head so commonly observed in preterm infants; often called "preemie head." Preterm infants have malleable calvarial bones, [43][44][45][46] making them more susceptible to molding forces during birth. In addition, newborns who receive prolonged treatment in the intensive care unit have a higher incidence of neurologic impairment, which is another risk factor for deformational cranial anomalies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of Cranial Asymmetry in Healthy Newborns

Peitsch¹,

Keefer²,

et al. 2002

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ABSTRACT. Objective. During recent years, coincident with the recommendation to position infants supine, the incidence of posterior deformational plagiocephaly has increased dramatically. The purpose of our study was to determine whether early signs of cranial flattening could be detected in healthy neonates and to document incidence and potential risk factors.Design. A cross-sectional study was performed in healthy newborns. Physical findings, anthropometric cranial measurements, and data on pregnancy and birth were recorded.Results. The incidence of localized cranial flattening in singletons was 13%; other anomalous head shapes were found in 11% of single-born neonates. In twins, localized flat areas were much more frequent with an incidence of 56%. The following risk factors for cranial deformation were identified: assisted vaginal delivery, prolonged labor, unusual birth position, primiparity, and male gender. ABBREVIATIONS. SIDS, sudden infant death syndrome; TCD, transcranial difference. Conclusion. We propose that localized lateral or occipital cranial flattening at birth is a precursor to

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of Cranial Asymmetry in Healthy Newborns

Peitsch¹,

Keefer²,

et al. 2002

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“…In a second paper, Kriewall reported on the stiffness of fetal cranial bone. 25 In the conclusion, Kriewall suggested that the increase in bone stiffness with increasing maturity is mainly a structural effect as opposed to a material effect, because of the very early completion of bone mineralization. This author postulates that from birth to adulthood the skull bone develops an intermediate layer of cancellous bone, creating a honeycomb sandwich-like structure, known for the high stiffness-toweight ratio.…”

Section: Bone Thicknessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Creating a normative database of age-specific 3D geometrical data, bone density, and bone thickness of the developing skull: a pilot study

Delye

Clijmans

Mommaerts

et al. 2015

PED

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laboratory investigation J neurosurg Pediatr 16:687-702, 2015 F inite element models (FEMs) of the human head are widely used for studying the biomechanics of traumatic brain injury. 12 FEMs of the human head are virtual computer models representing a human head in great anatomical detail. These models try to offer a better understanding of brain injury tolerance by simulating stress and strain patterns in the skull and brain tissue after impact, mimicking the occurrence of traumatic brain injury as realistically as currently possible. These models try to accurately predict the circumstances that cause traumatic brain injury. To do this, an FEM needs material properties of the brain tissue and skull to correlate a particular applied inertial and contact load to resulting intracranial strains and stresses. Therefore, a correct anatomical representation and use of correct material properties of a child's skull and each intracranial tissue are necessary to develop an FEM of a child's head, capable of realistically simulating the response upon impact. Only such an obJect Finite element models (FEMs) of the head are used to study the biomechanics of traumatic brain injury and depend heavily on the use of accurate material properties and head geometry. Any FEM aimed at investigating traumatic head injury in children should therefore use age-specific dimensions of the head, as well as age-specific material properties of the different tissues. In this study, the authors built a database of age-corrected skull geometry, skull thickness, and bone density of the developing skull to aid in the development of an age-specific FEM of a child's head. Such a database, containing age-corrected normative skull geometry data, can also be used for preoperative surgical planning and postoperative long-term follow-up of craniosynostosis surgery results. methods Computed tomography data were processed for 187 patients (age range 0-20 years old). A 3D surface model was calculated from segmented skull surfaces. Skull models, reference points, and sutures were processed into a MATLAB-supported database. This process included automatic calculation of 2D measurements as well as 3D measurements: length of the coronal suture, length of the lambdoid suture, and the 3D anterior-posterior length, defined as the sum of the metopic and sagittal suture. Skull thickness and skull bone density calculations were included. results Cephalic length, cephalic width, intercoronal distance, lateral orbital distance, intertemporal distance, and 3D measurements were obtained, confirming the well-established general growth pattern of the skull. Skull thickness increases rapidly in the first year of life, slowing down during the second year of life, while skull density increases with a fast but steady pace during the first 3 years of life. Both skull thickness and density continue to increase up to adulthood. conclusions This is the first report of normative data on 2D and 3D measurements, skull bone thickness, and skull bone density for children aged 0-20 y...

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“…Preliminary data are available from previous investigations on the pressure distributions on the fetal head during normal labor (Lindgren, 1960;Schwartz ec al., 1970;Hashimoto el al., 1980); the geometry of the fetal skull intrapartum (Bore11 and Fernstrom, 1958) and post-partum (Kriewall et al, 1977); and the mechanical properties of fetal cranial bone (McPherson and Kriewall, 1980 a;Kriewall ec al., 1981;Kriewall, 1982 Kriewall, 1980b). Results from that model indicate that the thinner, more Bexible preterm parietal bone is capable of undergoing larger deformations than term parietal bone under the same applied pressures.…”

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confidence: 81%