Structural model and functional characterization of the Bemisia tabaci CYP6CM1vQ, a cytochrome P450 associated with high levels of imidacloprid resistance

Karunker, Iris; Morou, Evangelia; Nikou, Dimitra; Nauen, Ralf; Sertchook, Rotem; Stevenson, Bradley J.; Paine, Mark J. I.; Morin, Shai; Vontas, John

doi:10.1016/j.ibmb.2009.08.006

Cited by 201 publications

(194 citation statements)

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“…P450s constitute the largest gene superfamily and are found in a variety of organs and tissues of many organisms (8). Insect P450s are known to play an important role in detoxifying insecticides (8,12) and plant toxins (13), resulting in the development of resistance to insecticides and facilitating the adaptation of insects to their plant hosts. An important character of insect P450s that are involved in resistance is the constitutively transcriptional overexpression in insecticideresistant strains, causing enhanced metabolic detoxification of insecticides (8,14).…”

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confidence: 99%

A brain-specific cytochrome P450 responsible for the majority of deltamethrin resistance in the QTC279 strain of Tribolium castaneum

Zhu

Parthasarathy

Bai

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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278

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Cytochrome P450-mediated detoxification is one of the most important mechanisms involved in insecticide resistance. However, the molecular basis of this mechanism and the physiological functions of P450s associated with insecticide resistance remain largely unknown. Here, we exploited the functional genomics and reverse genetic approaches to identify and characterize a P450 gene responsible for the majority of deltamethrin resistance observed in the QTC279 strain of Tribolium castaneum. We used recently completed whole-genome sequence of T. castaneum to prepare custom microarrays and identified a P450 gene, CYP6BQ9, which showed more than a 200-fold higher expression in the deltamethrin-resistant QTC279 strain when compared with its expression in the deltamethrin-susceptible Lab-S strain. Functional studies using both double-strand RNA (dsRNA)-mediated knockdown in the expression of CYP6BQ9 and transgenic expression of CYP6BQ9 in Drosophila melanogaster showed that CYP6BQ9 confers deltamethrin resistance. Furthermore, CYP6BQ9 enzyme expressed in baculovirus metabolizes deltamethrin to 4-hydroxy deltamethrin. Strikingly, we also found that unlike many P450 genes involved in insecticide resistance that were reported previously, CYP6BQ9 is predominantly expressed in the brain, a part of the central nervous system (CNS) containing voltage-gated sodium channels targeted by deltamethrin. Taken together, the current studies on the brain-specific insect P450 involved in deltamethrin resistance shed new light on the understanding of the molecular basis and evolution of insecticide resistance.functional genomics | insecticide resistance | RNA interference | transgenic expression | insecticide metabolism

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confidence: 99%

A brain-specific cytochrome P450 responsible for the majority of deltamethrin resistance in the QTC279 strain of Tribolium castaneum

Zhu

Parthasarathy

Bai

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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278

195

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“…However, only a small subset of these cytochrome P450 genes is involved in insecticide metabolism and the innate immune response. Insect cytochrome P450s are known to play an important role in detoxifying insecticides, such as pyrethroids (Feyereisen 2005;Karunker et al 2009). The most important character of insect cytochrome P450s is that they are constitutively overexpressed in the insecticide-resistant phenotype, causing enhanced metabolic detoxification of insecticides (Feyereisen 2005;Zhu et al 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine-Scale Analysis of Parasite Resistance Genes in the Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium castaneum

et al. 2013

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Parasite infection impacts population dynamics through effects on fitness and fecundity of the individual host. In addition to the known roles of environmental factors, host susceptibility to parasites has a genetic basis that has not been well characterized. We previously mapped quantitative trait loci (QTL) for susceptibility to rat tapeworm (Hymenolepis diminuta) infection in Tribolium castaneum using dominant AFLP markers; however, the resistance genes were not identified. Here, we refined the QTL locations and increased the marker density in the QTL regions using new microsatellite markers, sequence-tagged site markers, and single-strand conformational polymorphism markers. Resistance QTL in three linkage groups (LG3, LG6, and LG8) were each mapped to intervals ,1.0 cM between two codominant markers. The effects of 21 genes in the three QTL regions were investigated by using quantitative RT-PCR analysis, and transcription profiles were obtained from the resistant TIW1 and the susceptible cSM strains. Based on transcription data, eight genes were selected for RNA interference analysis to investigate their possible roles in H. diminuta resistance, including cytochrome P450 (LOC657454) and Toll-like receptor 13 (TLR13, LOC662131). The transcription of P450 and TLR13 genes in the resistant TIW1 strains was reduced more than ninefold relative to the control. Moreover, the effects of gene knockdown of P450 and TLR13 caused resistant beetles to become susceptible to tapeworm infection, which strongly suggests an important role for each in T. castaneum resistance to H. diminuta infection. P ARASITES exert negative effects on host survivorship and reproductive success, and in turn hosts develop resistance to parasites by reducing susceptibility to infection. Despite the importance to medicine and agriculture of host resistance to parasitism, and the fact that host resistance is genetically determined, the genetics of parasite resistance in insect hosts is not well known. Infection of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, by the rat tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta, has been well characterized with regard to hostparasite interactions (Keymer and Anderson 1979;Zhong et al. 2003Zhong et al. , 2005. The system also represents an excellent model to study the evolutionary genetics of resistance to parasite infection, as infection can be easily controlled and monitored in the laboratory. Serving as an intermediate host, infection of Tribolium by H. diminuta occurs upon ingestion of the parasite eggs in rat feces. The eggs then hatch and develop into cysticercoids that are capable of infecting the mammalian host and amplifying when ingested, but cannot be horizontally or vertically transmitted.Previously, we used AFLP markers to identify three major quantitative trait loci (QTL) that affected T. castaneum beetle susceptibility to H. diminuta on linkage groups LG3 [hds 4(3, L1B1.69)], LG6 [hds(6, L1A16.141)], and LG8 [hds(8, L6B2.100)]. The gene action at QTL hds(3, L1B1.69) and hds(8, L6B2.100) was overdominance...

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“…These lesions exhibit increased melanisation and thus can resemble malignant melanomas. The pigmented BCC has histological features which are similar to the nodular form, but with additional melanin [ 12 ].…”

Section: Description Of the Diseasementioning

confidence: 97%

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Perera¹,

Sinclair²

2016

Dermatological Cryosurgery and Cryotherapy

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Nonmelanoma (NMSC) are the most common skin cancer in the Western world. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) account for roughly 80 % of NMSC. BCC are slow growing and rarely aggressive. A variety of treatments exist for the treatment of BCC with conventional surgical excision being the most commonly use method. Other options include Mohs' surgery, curettage and electrodessication, laser therapies, radiotherapy and a number of topical treatments. Cryosurgery is a potentially under-utilised treatment option that offers the benefi t of being less invasive. Cryotherapy is not recommended for lesions that are: morphoeic; have poorly defi ned margins; recurrent; on the eyelid, nasolabial fold or preauricular region; fi xed to deeper structures; have a depth greater than 3 mm. Lesions greater than 2 cm in diameter can be treated segmentally. BCCs that are thick can be debulked with a curette prior to treatment. Common complications include pain, edema and blistering. When BCC lesions are selected carefully treatment outcomes are highly successful.

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Structural model and functional characterization of the Bemisia tabaci CYP6CM1vQ, a cytochrome P450 associated with high levels of imidacloprid resistance

Cited by 201 publications

References 76 publications

A brain-specific cytochrome P450 responsible for the majority of deltamethrin resistance in the QTC279 strain of Tribolium castaneum

A brain-specific cytochrome P450 responsible for the majority of deltamethrin resistance in the QTC279 strain of Tribolium castaneum

Fine-Scale Analysis of Parasite Resistance Genes in the Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium castaneum

Basal Cell Carcinoma

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