Organisms adapt to fluctuating oxygen levels using a variety of strategies, including coupling sensory domains to regulatory functions that modulate physiology and phenotypes. Globin‐coupled sensor proteins are multidomain proteins composed of a heme‐containing globin domain associated with a range of output domains, ranging from methyl‐accepting chemotaxis proteins, kinases, and diguanylate cyclases. These proteins have been found in the genomes of many bacteria, indicating their involvement in regulating diverse cellular pathways and behaviors in response to gaseous ligands. Detailed characterizations of globin‐coupled sensors have utilized a wide array of biochemical and spectroscopic methods to understand ligand binding and signal transduction in the heme domain. The diversity of the globin‐coupled sensory family studied to date highlights unique ligand‐binding characteristics in the heme pocket. While the characterization of the globin‐coupled sensor family has elucidated the mechanisms by which oxygen binds the heme moiety and influences the activity of these sensor protein output domains, the downstream proteins and pathways governed by globin‐coupled sensor signaling are not well understood. Given the breadth of the globin‐coupled sensors studied to date, additional research is needed further to elucidate the role of globin‐coupled sensor proteins in managing oxygen‐dependent microbial physiology both in vitro and in vivo.