2021
DOI: 10.1039/d0cb00211a
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Structural motifs and intramolecular interactions in non-canonical G-quadruplexes

Abstract: G-rich nucleic acid sequences encompassing G-tracts of varying lengths can fold into different non-canonical G-quadruplexes with distinct structural features.

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Cited by 40 publications
(30 citation statements)
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References 113 publications
(182 reference statements)
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“…[10] In addition to this canonical G4 structural polymorphism, new aspects of structural complexity have been described recently, which are referred to as non-canonical polymorphism. [2,[11][12][13] Aspects including bulges, [14][15][16] exceptional loop arrangements [17,18] and snap-back motifs [19][20][21][22][23] can be observed in G4s from sequences that do not comply with the narrow definition given above (Figure 1, III).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…[10] In addition to this canonical G4 structural polymorphism, new aspects of structural complexity have been described recently, which are referred to as non-canonical polymorphism. [2,[11][12][13] Aspects including bulges, [14][15][16] exceptional loop arrangements [17,18] and snap-back motifs [19][20][21][22][23] can be observed in G4s from sequences that do not comply with the narrow definition given above (Figure 1, III).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…G-rich nucleic acid sequences are able to fold into non-canonical secondary structures known as G-quadruplexes (G4). [1][2][3][4] Two essential parameters define the basic G4 architecture: (1) four strands (G-tracts) with G-residues form G-tetrads via Hoogsteen hydrogen bonding; (2) these G-tetrads stack on each other and recruit monovalent cations (preferably Na + or K + ). This broad and simple definition of G4s can be fulfilled by a variety of different G4 and G4-like [5][6][7] structures (Figure 1I).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The structural diversity of G-quadruplexes further increases due to their ability to compensate for guanine deficiencies and to fold into nonconventional quadruplex structures with broken G-columns comprising noncontiguous Gs [20]. Thus, intramolecular three-tetrad quadruplexes may even form from sequences lacking four tracts of ≥ 3 consecutive guanosines, contradicting the typical consensus sequence.…”
Section: Nonconventional G-quadruplexes With Broken G-columnsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…G4 structures have gained profound attention as they harbor various biological functions. Putative G4 forming sequences are present in the telomeric region, the promoter region of various protooncogenes, and the untranslated region of mRNAs and are observed in the immunoglobulin switch regions. , Due to their dynamic nature, these structures can sample parallel, hybrid (3 + 1), and antiparallel topologies depending on the type and size of the loop, glycosyl dihedral angle, nucleotide chain length, and nature of metal ions. , The human telomeric G4 sequence exhibits polymorphism across parallel, hybrid (3 + 1), and antiparallel topologies modulated by metal ions and molecular crowding agents . On the other hand, putative G4 forming sequences at the promoter regions ( c-MYC , c-KIT , BCL-2 , VEGF , HIF-1 α, PDGF , RET, etc.)…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%