Structural Organization of the Human Cerebral Cortex. 1.

Jp, Schade; W, van Groenigen

doi:10.1159/000141802

Cited by 124 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…They concluded that changes in blood flow, like changes in metabolism, should be related to development of cognitive functions of the corresponding region. The regional differences we measured in hemodynamic and oxygen metabolism in premature and term infants are consistent with cognitive, behavioral, and functional developmental differences (Zeanah et al 2008) but also with finding related to dendritic and axonal growth (Schade and Van Groenigen 1961), white matter myelination (Ferrie et al 1999), brain morphology, and synaptogenesis, all of which start in primary sensory areas and evolve with age to the prefrontal cortex.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Regional and Hemispheric Asymmetries of Cerebral Hemodynamic and Oxygen Metabolism in Newborns

Lin

Dehaes

Roche-Labarbe

et al. 2012

Biomedical Optics and 3-D Imaging

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Understanding the evolution of regional and hemispheric asymmetries in the early stages of life is essential to the advancement of developmental neuroscience. By using 2 noninvasive optical methods, frequency-domain near-infrared spectroscopy and diffuse correlation spectroscopy, we measured cerebral hemoglobin oxygenation (SO 2 ), blood volume (CBV), an index of cerebral blood flow (CBF i ), and the metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO 2i ) in the frontal, temporal, and parietal regions of 70 premature and term newborns. In concordance with results obtained using more invasive imaging modalities, we verified both hemodynamic (CBV, CBF i , and SO 2 ) and metabolic (CMRO 2i ) parameters were greater in the temporal and parietal regions than in the frontal region and that these differences increased with age. In addition, we found that most parameters were significantly greater in the right hemisphere than in the left. Finally, in comparing age-matched males and females, we found that males had higher CBF i in most cortical regions, higher CMRO 2i in the frontal region, and more prominent right--left CBF i asymmetry. These results reveal, for the first time, that we can detect regional and hemispheric asymmetries in newborns using noninvasive optical techniques. Such a bedside screening tool may facilitate early detection of abnormalities and delays in maturation of specific cortical areas.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Regional and Hemispheric Asymmetries of Cerebral Hemodynamic and Oxygen Metabolism in Newborns

Lin

Dehaes

Roche-Labarbe

et al. 2012

Biomedical Optics and 3-D Imaging

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“…Correlation of the brain structural measures (MRI) with the brain functional measures (behavior and spectral coherence) showed that improved behavioral regulation (less intensity and hypersensitivity) were associated with more mature frontal brain structural development. This may not be surprising, given that neuronal organization, especially in the frontal region, occurs late in the developmental sequence, [61][62][63][64] and previous studies of prematurity have indicated the frontal lobes' differential vulnerability. 6 The continuity of improvement to 9 months' corrected age in terms of Bayley II scale mental, motor, and behavioral performance may justify cautious optimism for the continuity of enhanced long-term development for similar preterm infants, who may receive developmental care in the future.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Experience Alters Brain Function and Structure

Als¹,

Duffy

McAnulty³

et al. 2004

Pediatrics

720

550

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ABSTRACT. Objective. To investigate the effects of early experience on brain function and structure.Methods. A randomized clinical trial tested the neurodevelopmental effectiveness of the Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program (NIDCAP). Thirty preterm infants, 28 to 33 weeks' gestational age (GA) at birth and free of known developmental risk factors, participated in the trial. NIDCAP was initiated within 72 hours of intensive care unit admission and continued to the age of 2 weeks, corrected for prematurity. Control (14) and experimental (16) infants were assessed at 2 weeks' and 9 months' corrected age on health status, growth, and neurobehavior, and at 2 weeks' corrected age additionally on electroencephalogram spectral coherence, magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging, and measurements of transverse relaxation time.Results. The groups were medically and demographically comparable before as well as after the treatment. However, the experimental group showed significantly better neurobehavioral functioning, increased coherence between frontal and a broad spectrum of mainly occipital brain regions, and higher relative anisotropy in left internal capsule, with a trend for right internal capsule and frontal white matter. Transverse relaxation time showed no difference. Behavioral function was improved also at 9 months' corrected age. The relationship among the 3 neurodevelopmental domains was significant. The results indicated consistently better function and more mature fiber structure for experimental infants compared with their controls.Conclusions. This is the first in vivo evidence of enhanced brain function and structure due to the NIDCAP. The study demonstrates that quality of experience before term may influence brain development significantly. Pediatrics 2004;113:846 -857; preterm infants, NIDCAP, neurobehavior, spectral coherence, diffusion tensor imaging, transverse relaxation time, Bayley Scales of Infant Development, APIB.ABBREVIATIONS. NICU, newborn intensive care unit; NIDCAP, Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; EEG, electroencephalogram; APIB, Assessment of Preterm Infants' Behavior; Prechtl, Prechtl Neurologic Examination of the Fullterm Newborn Infant; Bayley II, Bayley Scales of Infant Development, Second Edition; MDI, mental developmental index; PDI, psychomotor developmental index; BRS, Behavior Rating Scale; T2*, transverse relaxation time; DTI, diffusion tensor imaging; ROI, region(s) of interest; E1, principal eigenvalue; E3, tertiary eigenvalue; RA, relative anisotropy; MANOVA, multivariate analysis of variance. T he preterm infant provides an opportunity to study the effects of early postnatal experience on brain development. Increasing evidence suggests that features of brain structure 1-4 and function [5][6][7][8] are different between medically healthy preterm infants and their term counterparts when assessed at a comparable age point. Although some differences are explained by the cumulative ...

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“…To explore the relationship between pH and neuronal density, we used the mean age and mean neuronal density data presented in 2 published articles [23,24]. We then used equation 1 to predict the pH given the mean age for each sample.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These include a three-to fourfold increase in total brain volume [29] which does not come from increases in the number of neurons, as the vast majority of neurons are present by the 7th month of gestation [30], but from increases in synapses, dendrites and fibre bundles, and also increased myelination of axons [23,24,30,31]. Recent evidence acquired in vivo suggests that the Pi peak in brain 31 P magnetic resonance spectra may represent up to six possible intracellular compartments, reflecting differences in subtypes of cells [17].…”

Section: Brain Bioenergetics and Agementioning

confidence: 99%

Brain Bioenergetics and Cognitive Ability

Rae

Scott²,

Lee³

et al. 2003

Dev Neurosci

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We obtained ³¹P magnetic resonance spectra from the brains in vivo of 101 males (range 6–72 years). In addition, cognitive test data were obtained from 42 boys (6–13 years) and from 26 adult males (22–56 years) of this test group. Significant correlations were observed in both adults and children between various inorganic phosphate (Pi)-containing ³¹P peak ratios [e.g. Pi/adenosine triphosphate (ATP)] and (predominantly verbal) cognitive tasks. No change in the Pi/ATP ratio was observed across the age range studied. Brain pH was shown to decrease significantly with age in a relationship best described by a decaying exponential. This indicated that brain pH does not stabilize at adult values until at least the late teens. We explored the possibility of a relationship between brain pH and neuronal density. In particular, we noted that our previous observation of a relationship between pH and IQ in children was not readily detected in the adult populations, whereas phosphorus metabolite ratios (in particular, those containing Pi) were found to correlate with (predominantly verbal) cognitive task performance in both adults and children. We assessed how these observations may be interpreted in the context of a metabolic vs. histological debate.

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Structural Organization of the Human Cerebral Cortex. 1.

Cited by 124 publications

References 5 publications

Regional and Hemispheric Asymmetries of Cerebral Hemodynamic and Oxygen Metabolism in Newborns

Regional and Hemispheric Asymmetries of Cerebral Hemodynamic and Oxygen Metabolism in Newborns

Early Experience Alters Brain Function and Structure

Brain Bioenergetics and Cognitive Ability

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