Structural organization of the sensory systems of the snail

Зайцева, О.В.

doi:10.1007/bf02355652

Cited by 25 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Our results indicate that the observed spreading of the EP to the area of oscillations may be a result of the overlapping of the neuropile projection (the part of PC where the EP has been recorded) and the projection of the cell body layer where the oscillations are most expressed (Delaney et al 1994) to the two-dimensional plane of the photodiode array. This interpretation is in accord with the olfactory nerve backfill data (Zaitseva 1991;Chase and Tolloczko 1993). These authors demonstrated that the olfactory nerve fibers do not reach the cell body layer: They terminate in the procerebral neuropile, at the border of the cell body layer and the neuropile.…”

Section: Nikitin and Balabansupporting

confidence: 75%

“…The nerve contains axons of sensory neurons as well as the axons of tentacular ganglion projection interneurons (Chase and Tolloczko 1993). The nerve backfills demonstrate that the majority of olfactory axons branch and terminate in the PC (Zaitseva 1991;Chase and Tolloczko 1993). The synaptic connections of those neurons occur both in the neuropile and in the cell body layer, as shown by intracellular staining of individual procerebral neurons (Ratté and Chase 1997).…”

Section: Nikitin and Balabanmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two major parts can be distinguished in the PC: a neuropile and the cell body layer. The neuropile occupies the medial and core position, while the cell body layer joins the neuropile at the lateral side (Zaitseva 1991;Chase and Tolloczko 1993). The borders of the cell body layer partially surround the neuropile on the ventral and dorsal sides.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The procerebral neurons are the smallest in the entire nervous system (5-7 µm). They are mostly monopolar, sending the neurites into the neuropile of PC (Zaitseva 1991;Chase and Tolloczko 1993).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optical Recording of Odor-Evoked Responses in the Olfactory Brain of the Naı̈ve and Aversively Trained Terrestrial Snails

Никитин¹,

Balaban²

2000

Learn. Mem.

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Regular spontaneous oscillations were recorded both electro-and optophysiologically using a voltage-sensitive absorption dye in the olfactory part of the brain (procerebral lobe of the cerebral ganglia) of the gastropod mollusk Helix lucorum. Odor application caused transient changes in procerebral oscillations, and an odor-evoked potential was recorded in the procerebrum (PC). The wave of evoked potential originated near the place of olfactory nerve entrance into the PC and propagated via the procerebral neuropile toward the cell body layer. The spread of the odor-evoked potential corresponded roughly to the neuropile area, whereas the spontaneous oscillations were recorded in the cell body layer of the PC and were not observed in the neuropile. Evoked potential did not produce additional events intercalated into the ongoing spontaneous oscillations. Changes in parameters of spontaneous oscillations to the repeated presentations of the same odor were variable. To estimate the role of spontaneous oscillations in odor encoding, we trained the snail to avoid cineole, using paired presentations of cineole and electric shock. Elaboration of conditioned aversion to cineole applications resulted in distinct pairing-specific changes in behavior of the snails and procerebral activity. Responses to odor (cineole) applications were not different in amplitude or frequency of spontaneous oscillations in control and trained snails, whereas ratio of amplitudes of the same oscillation wave in proximal and distal regions of the procerebrum was significantly different in control and aversively trained snails, reflecting changes in neural firing in certain areas of the olfactory lobe.

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Section: Nikitin and Balabansupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Nikitin and Balabanmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optical Recording of Odor-Evoked Responses in the Olfactory Brain of the Naı̈ve and Aversively Trained Terrestrial Snails

Никитин¹,

Balaban²

2000

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“…[4], Achatina fulica [5]), the cellular organization of PCs from different molluscs share a number of common features. Track tracing experiments have revealed the members of the neuronal afferents and the types and morphology of PC interneurons [5,6,7,8,9,10]. In addition to morphological findings, electrophysiological recording has also demonstrated that the population of PC cells within the layer where the perikarya of PC interneurons are located (the cell mass layer) consists of large number (75%) of non-bursting (NB) neurons with small size (5-8 μm), and a smaller number (25%) of bursting (B) neurons of larger size (10-15 μm) [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitric oxide-coupled signaling in odor elicited molecular events in the olfactory center of the terrestrial snail, Helix pomatia

Serfözö

Nacsa

Veréb

et al. 2017

Cellular Signalling

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Olfaction, a chemosensory modality, plays a pivotal role in the orientation and behavior of invertebrates. The central olfactory processing unit in terrestrial stylomatophoran snails is the procerebrum, which contains NO synthesizing interneurons, whose oscillatory currents are believed to be the base of odor evoked memory formation. Nevertheless, in this model the up-and downstream events of molecular cascades that trigger and follow NO release, respectively, have not been studied. Immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry studies performed on procerebral neural perikarya isolated from the snail Helix pomatia revealed cell populations with discrete DAF-2 fluorescence, indicating the release of different amounts of NO. Glutamate increased the intensity of DAF-2 fluorescence, and the number of DAF-2 positive non-bursting interneurons, through a mechanism likely to involve an NMDA-like receptor. Similarly to glutamate, NO activation induced an increase in intracellular cGMP levels through activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase. Immunohistochemical localization of proteins possessing the phosphorylated target sequence of AGC family kinases (RXXS/T-P), among them protein kinase A (RRXS/T-P), showed striking similarities to the distribution of NOS/cGMP. Activators of cyclic nucleotide synthesis increased the AGC-kinase-dependent phosphorylation of discrete proteins with 28, 45, and 55 kDa mw. Importantly, exposure of snails to an attractive odorant induced hyperphosphorylation of the 28 kDa protein, and increased levels of cGMP synthesis. Protein S-nitrosylation and intercellular activation of protein kinase G were also suggested as Abbreviations: 5-HT, 5-hydroxytryptamine or serotonin; ACh, acetylcholine; AGC-S-P, phosphorylated substrate of the AGC-family protein kinase; Akt, protein kinase B; AMPA, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid; APV, (2R)-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid; B cell, large bursting neuron in the procerebrum; β-NADP, β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; β-NADPH, β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 2′-phosphate; BSA, bovine serum albumin; cAMP, 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate;

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Morphology of interneurons in the procerebrum of the snailHelix aspersa

Ratté

Chase

1997

J. Comp. Neurol.

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Terrestrial snails have a highly developed sense of olfaction. Because the procerebrum has a large number of cells and is located at the entry site of the olfactory nerve into the brain, the structure is thought to have a significant role in the processing of olfactory stimuli. The morphology of the procerebral neurons in the snail Helix aspersa was investigated through intracellular injections of biocytin. No formal categorization of neuronal types was possible, but some cells were seen to have neurites entirely intrinsic to the procerebrum, whereas others had both intrinsic and extrinsic arborizations, and still others had only extrinsic arborizations. These interneurons were previously thought to have arborizations restricted to the procerebral lobe. We demonstrated the extent of the neurite projections outside of the procerebral lobe by making focal injections of biocytin or Neurobiotin into various regions of the cerebral ganglion. This technique revealed subsets of cells that send neurites not only in the ipsilateral ganglion but also through the cerebral commissure into the contralateral cerebral ganglion. Our results demonstrate not only that the procerebral cell population is heterogeneous but also that the procerebrum interacts more directly with the rest of the central nervous system than was formerly believed.

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Structural organization of the sensory systems of the snail

Cited by 25 publications

References 37 publications

Optical Recording of Odor-Evoked Responses in the Olfactory Brain of the Naı̈ve and Aversively Trained Terrestrial Snails

Optical Recording of Odor-Evoked Responses in the Olfactory Brain of the Naı̈ve and Aversively Trained Terrestrial Snails

Nitric oxide-coupled signaling in odor elicited molecular events in the olfactory center of the terrestrial snail, Helix pomatia

Morphology of interneurons in the procerebrum of the snailHelix aspersa

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