Structural performance of additive manufactured metallic material and cross-sections

Buchanan, Craig; Matilainen, Ville-Pekka; Salminen, Antti; Gardner, Leroy

doi:10.1016/j.jcsr.2017.05.002

Cited by 106 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…A further benefit of Additive Manufacturing is the feasibility of manufacturing without part-specific tooling, which enables a cost efficient production of low volume parts or even customized products [6]. Additive Manufacturing also has the potential to reduce the complexity of process chains through function integration, to reduce the environmental footprint of the production [7], and it can be used as a repair technology for worn and damaged metal parts [8]. Additive Manufacturing also enables the possibility of a partial grading of the properties of materials, optimized with regard to the application [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Investigation of the Microstructure and Fatigue Behavior of Additively Manufactured AISI 316L Stainless Steel with Regard to the Influence of Heat Treatment

Blinn

Klein

Gläßner

et al. 2018

Metals

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Abstract:To exploit the whole potential of Additive Manufacturing, it is essential to investigate the complex relationships between Additive Manufacturing processes, the resulting microstructure, and mechanical properties of the materials and components. In the present work, Selective Laser Melted (SLM) (process category: powder bed fusion), Laser Deposition Welded (LDW) (process category: direct energy deposition) and, for comparison, Continuous Casted and then hot and cold drawn (CC) austenitic stainless steel AISI 316L blanks were investigated with regard to their microstructure and mechanical properties. To exclude the influence of surface topography and focus the investigation on the volume microstructure, the blanks were turned into final geometry of specimens. The additively manufactured (AM-) blanks were manufactured in both the horizontal and vertical building directions. In the horizontally built specimens, the layer planes are perpendicular and in vertical building direction, they are parallel to the load axis of the specimens. The materials from different manufacturing processes exhibit different chemical composition and hence, austenite stability. Additionally, all types of blanks were heat treated (2 h, 1070 • C, H 2 O) and the influence of the heat treatment on the properties of differently manufactured materials were investigated. From the cyclic deformation curves obtained in the load increase tests, the anisotropic fatigue behavior of the AM-specimens could be detected with only one specimen in each building direction for the different Additive Manufacturing processes, which could be confirmed by constant amplitude tests. The results showed higher fatigue strength for horizontally built specimens compared to the vertical building direction. Furthermore, the constant amplitude tests show that the austenite stability influences the fatigue behavior of differently manufactured 316L. Using load increase tests as an efficient rating method of the anisotropic fatigue behavior, the influence of the heat treatment on anisotropy could be determined with a small number of specimens. These investigations showed no significant influence of the heat treatment on the anisotropic behavior of the AM-specimens.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Investigation of the Microstructure and Fatigue Behavior of Additively Manufactured AISI 316L Stainless Steel with Regard to the Influence of Heat Treatment

Blinn

Klein

Gläßner

et al. 2018

Metals

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“…The first one is to orient the designed part in such a way that the loads are received in the direction which the AM technology has the greatest mechanical strength. The other, more sophisticated approach is to shape optimize the part with the mechanical strength anisotropy in mind [41,43].…”

Section: Anisotropic Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second one is related with the stresses that are developed at the rest of the part's volume while its layers are manufactured. The second design consideration of the developed stresses on the part's cross-section area is related to its mechanical properties [41].…”

Section: Part's Cross-section Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

A design framework for additive manufacturing

Bikas

Lianos

Stavropoulos

2019

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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Additive manufacturing (AM) is one of the fastest growing and most promising manufacturing technologies, offering significant advantages over conventional manufacturing processes. That is, the geometrical flexibility that leads to increased design freedom is not infinite as the numerous AM processes impose manufacturing limitations. Abiding by these manufacturability rules implies a backpropagation of AM knowledge to all design phases for a successful build. A catholic AM-driven design framework is needed to ensure full exploitation of the AM design capabilities. The current framework is based on the definition of the CAD aspects and the AM process parameters. Their dependence, affection to the resulted part, and weight on the total process determine the outcome. The AM-driven design framework prevents manufacturing issues of certain geometries, that can be effortlessly created by conventional manufacturing, and additionally exploits the full design-freedom potentials AM has to offer with a linear design flow reducing design iterations and ultimately achieving first time right AM design process.

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“…Since 3‐D metal printers are becoming cheaper and faster, which allow for the construction of larger part sizes, the steel construction industry has recently started to explore its possibilities, yet is still at the early‐research and demonstration stages . Researchers have so far focused on the discovery of process parameters resulting in high‐quality parts, simultaneously increasing the production rate and reducing manufacturing costs, understanding the microstructural features of printed metals and their mechanical behavior under static, dynamic and fatigue loading, and developing specific numerical techniques to optimize part geometries . Several metals (stainless, maraging steel, aluminum, titanium, and copper alloys) can be printed with an altered combination of strength, stiffness, ductility, durability, and weldability, using different printing processes such as selective laser sintering or melting, fuse metal deposition, and wire‐feed.…”

Section: Integration Of 3‐d Metal Printing To the Steel Tubular Jointmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robustness‐oriented topology optimization for steel tubular joints mimicking bamboo structures

Kanyilmaz

Berto

2019

Mat Design Process Comm

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Steel tubular profiles have outstanding mechanical and architectural performances, but their joints must be manufactured with a vast number of welds and local stiffeners, resulting in complex fabrication and low structural reliability under extreme loads. Fatigue failure is usually a dominant parameter in their design. On the other hand, nature perfectly optimizes its structures with minimized stress concentrations resulting in an extensive fatigue life. In the case of tubular structures, the nodes between the bamboo body and branches are inspiring examples. This article discusses how smarter solutions can be achieved using inspiration from nature by setting the objective of topology optimization to enhance the structural integrity of welded tubular joints between 3‐D‐printed and conventional steel components. Rather than focusing on the “weight reduction,” it prioritizes the objectives of resistance, robustness, and durability. 3‐D metal printing technology, unleashed from the constraints of traditional manufacturing, can enable this structural customization, bringing substantial savings to tubular joint fabrication costs and material waste. To quantify the performance of such joints, the strain energy density method can be the right tool, thanks to its independence on mesh size. This paper provides a review of these subjects and presents brief results of a case study.

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Structural performance of additive manufactured metallic material and cross-sections

Cited by 106 publications

References 72 publications

An Investigation of the Microstructure and Fatigue Behavior of Additively Manufactured AISI 316L Stainless Steel with Regard to the Influence of Heat Treatment

An Investigation of the Microstructure and Fatigue Behavior of Additively Manufactured AISI 316L Stainless Steel with Regard to the Influence of Heat Treatment

A design framework for additive manufacturing

Robustness‐oriented topology optimization for steel tubular joints mimicking bamboo structures

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