Structural plasticity of the axon initial segment in rat hippocampal granule cells following high frequency stimulation and LTP induction

Jungenitz, Tassilo; Bird, Alex D.; Engelhardt, Maren; Jedlicka, Paul; Schwarzacher, Stephan W.; Deller, Thomas

doi:10.3389/fnana.2023.1125623

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Intracellular calcium stores in form of the CO are particularly interesting in this regard [23][24][25] , First, a recent study reported that the number of COs is decreased when rapid AIS plasticity in rat hippocampal DGCs is induced. 39 Here we could show that upon induction of chronic plasticity, there are less COs in the AIS of nonAcD neurons. This correlates with the fewer COs, we found in the AIS of AcD cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Another direction to explore is the link between the AIS-specific ECM and AIS plasticity. Regardless of our data showing the absence of brevican at the age of neuronal cultures when we performed our experiments (DIV12), it is still possible that the ECM plays a role in older neurons, as AIS is plastic throughout the entire lifespan 28,39,48,49 . Surprisingly, we did not observe any rapid AIS plasticity effect in nonAcD neurons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Supportively, a recent study showed that the number of COs is decreased when induce rapid AIS plasticity in rat hippocampal DGCs. 44 In the future, one should more thoroughly investigate the mechanistic role of COs in the process of AIS plasticity. Interestingly, several new AIS specific proteins were recently detected via proximity labelling assay.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…28 A previous study already hinted a potential role of COs in rapid AIS plasticity. 39 We therefore wondered if COs are also changed upon induction of chronic AIS plasticity. To test this, we assessed the density, size and distribution of COs in the AIS of nonAcD neurons treated with KCl for 48 hours.…”

Section: The Ais Of Acd Neurons Does Not Undergo Activity Dependent P...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unveiling the cell biology of hippocampal neurons with dendritic axon origin

Han,

Thuenauer,

Grünewald

et al. 2023

Preprint

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In axon-carrying-dendrite (AcD) neurons, the axon emanates from a basal dendrite, instead of the soma, to create a privileged route for action potential generation at the axon initial segment (AIS). However, it is unclear how such unusual morphology is established and whether the structural and functional integrity of the AIS in AcD neurons is preserved. Here, we show that the AcD neurons follow an intrinsically encoded developmental program where a single precursor neurite first gives rise to the axon and then to the AcD. The AIS possesses a similar cytoskeletal architecture as the canonical AIS that stems from the soma, and similarly functions as a trafficking barrier to retain axon-specific molecular composition. However, unlike soma-derived AIS, the AIS of AcD neurons does not undergo homeostatic-plasticity, contains less cisternal organelles and receives fewer inhibitory inputs. These distinct features of the AIS could account for higher intrinsic excitability of AcD neurons.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Ais Of Acd Neurons Does Not Undergo Activity Dependent P...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unveiling the cell biology of hippocampal neurons with dendritic axon origin

Han,

Thuenauer,

Grünewald

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Static magnetic stimulation induces structural plasticity at the axon initial segment of inhibitory cortical neurons

Beros,

King,

Clarke

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Static magnetic stimulation (SMS) is a form of non-invasive brain stimulation that alters neural activity and induces neural plasticity that outlasts the period of stimulation. This can modify corticospinal excitability or motor behaviours, suggesting that SMS may alter the intrinsic excitability of neurons. In mammalian neurons, the axon initial segment (AIS) is the site of action potential initiation and undergoes structural plasticity (changes in length and position from the soma) as a homeostatic mechanism to counteract chronic changes in neuronal activity. We investigated whether the chronic application of SMS (6 and 48 h, 0.5 T) induces structural AIS plasticity in postnatally derived primary cortical neurons. Following 6 h of SMS, we observed a shortening in mean AIS length compared to control, that persisted 24 h post stimulation. In contrast, 48 h of SMS induced an immediate distal shift that persisted 24 h post-stimulation. Pharmacological blockade of voltage gated L/T-type calcium channels during stimulation did not prevent SMS-induced AIS structural plasticity. Our findings provide the foundation to expand the use of chronic SMS as a non-invasive method to promote AIS plasticity.

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Unveiling the cell biology of hippocampal neurons with dendritic axon origin

Han,

Hacker,

Donders

et al. 2024

Journal of Cell Biology

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In mammalian axon-carrying–dendrite (AcD) neurons, the axon emanates from a basal dendrite, instead of the soma, to create a privileged route for action potential generation at the axon initial segment (AIS). However, it is unclear how such unusual morphology is established and whether the structure and function of the AIS in AcD neurons are preserved. By using dissociated hippocampal cultures as a model, we show that the development of AcD morphology can occur prior to synaptogenesis and independently of the in vivo environment. A single precursor neurite first gives rise to the axon and then to the AcD. The AIS possesses a similar cytoskeletal architecture as the soma-derived AIS and similarly functions as a trafficking barrier to retain axon-specific molecular composition. However, it does not undergo homeostatic plasticity, contains lesser cisternal organelles, and receives fewer inhibitory inputs. Our findings reveal insights into AcD neuron biology and underscore AIS structural differences based on axon onset.

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Structural plasticity of the axon initial segment in rat hippocampal granule cells following high frequency stimulation and LTP induction

Cited by 4 publications

References 65 publications

Unveiling the cell biology of hippocampal neurons with dendritic axon origin

Unveiling the cell biology of hippocampal neurons with dendritic axon origin

Static magnetic stimulation induces structural plasticity at the axon initial segment of inhibitory cortical neurons

Unveiling the cell biology of hippocampal neurons with dendritic axon origin

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